The data quality assessment is a summary of an observation's accuracy. All observations start as "casual" grade, and achieve "research" grade when

• the iNat community agrees with the observer's ID, where an "agreeing" identification is one that matches exactly or is of a child taxon of the observer's ID. For example, if Scott says it's a mammal and Ken-ichi says it's Homo sapiens, then Ken-ichi agrees with Scott.
• the observation has a date
• the observation is georeferenced (i.e. has lat/lon coordinates)
• the observation has a photo
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