Megafauna Parks (W Palearctic)

A comprehensive list of every "megafauna" species that could be considered for rewilding projects in the W. Palearctic. All of these occurred within the region within the past 50.000 years and if they disappeared, they only did so after modern humans arrived. You can click any species which ...more ↓

Nile Monitor ¹
Varanus niloticus

Desert Monitor ²
Varanus griseus

Yemen Monitor ³
Varanus yemenensis

Nesterov's Desert Monitor ³
Varanus nesterovi

West African Crocodile ⁴
Crocodylus suchus

Nile Crocodile ⁵
Crocodylus niloticus

Common Ostrich ⁶
Struthio camelus

Savannah Elephant ⁷
Loxodonta africana

Asian Elephant ⁸
Elephas maximus

European Straight-tusked Elephant † ⁹
Palaeoloxodon antiquus

Woolly Mammoth † ⁹
Mammuthus primigenius

Rock Hyrax ¹⁰
Procavia capensis

Human ¹¹
Homo sapiens

Neanderthal † ¹²
Homo neanderthalensis

Barbary Macaque ³
Macaca sylvanus

Hamadryas Baboon ¹³
Papio hamadryas

Giraffe ¹⁴
Giraffa camelopardalis

Elk ¹⁵
Alces alces

Red Deer ¹⁶
Cervus elaphus

Wapiti ¹⁷
Cervus canadensis

Reindeer ¹⁸
Rangifer tarandus

Giant Deer † ⁹
Megaloceros giganteus

African Giant Deer † ¹⁹
Megaceroides algericus

European Fallow Deer ²⁰
Dama dama

Persian Fallow Deer ²¹
Dama mesopotamica

European Forest Deer † ²²
Haploidoceros mediterraneus

Western Roe Deer ²³
Capreolus capreolus

Eastern Roe Deer ²⁴
Capreolus pygargus

Water Buffalo ²⁵
Bubalus bubalis/arnee

European Water Buffalo † ²⁶
Bubalus murrensis

Giant Long-horned Buffalo † ²⁷
Syncerus antiquus

Cattle ²⁸
Bos taurus

Steppe Bison † ³
Bison priscus

European Bison ²⁹
Bison bonasus

Hartebeest ²⁶
Alcelaphus buselaphus

Common Wildebeest ³⁰
Connochaetes taurinus

Lesser Kudu ³¹
Tragelaphus imberbis

Arabian Oryx ³²
Oryx leucoryx

Scimitar-horned Oryx ³³
Oryx dammah

East African Oryx ³⁴
Oryx beisa

Addax ³⁵
Addax nasomaculatus

Cuvier's Gazelle ³⁶
Gazella cuvieri

Arabian Gazelle ³⁷
Gazella arabica

Mountain Gazelle ³⁸
Gazella gazella

Rhim Gazelle ³⁹
Gazella leptoceros

Dorcas Gazelle ⁴⁰
Gazella dorcas

Sand Gazelle ³⁸
Gazella marica

Queen of Sheba's Gazelle † ⁴¹
Gazella bilkis

Saudi Arabian Gazelle † ⁴¹
Gazella saudiya

Goitered Gazelle ³¹
Gazella subgutturosa

Dama Gazelle ⁴²
Nanger dama

Saiga ⁴³
Saiga tatarica

Northern Chamois ⁴⁴
Rupicapra rupicapra

Pyrenean Chamois ²¹
Rupicapra pyrenaica

Alpine Ibex ⁴⁵
Capra ibex

Nubian Ibex ⁴⁶
Capra nubiana

Iberian Ibex ⁴⁷
Capra pyrenaica

Wild Goat ⁴⁸
Capra aegagrus

West Caucasian Tur ⁴⁹
Capra caucasica

Wild Sheep ⁵⁰
Ovis orientalis

East Caucasian Tur ⁵¹
Capra cylindricornis

Aoudad ⁵²
Ammotragus lervia

Arabian Tahr ⁵³
Arabitragus jayakari

European Tahr † ⁵⁴
Hemitragus cedrensis

Muskox ⁵⁵
Ovibos moschatus

Soergel's Ox † ⁵⁶
Soergelia minor

Dromedary Camel ³
Camelus dromedarius

Steppe Camel † ³
Camelus knoblochi

Syrian Camel † & Lesser Syrian Camel † ³
Camelus moreli & Camelus concordiae

Wild Boar ⁵⁷
Sus scrofa

Hippopotamus ⁵⁸
Hippopotamus amphibius

Asian Wild Ass ⁵⁹
Equus hemionus

African Wild Ass ⁶⁰
Equus africanus

Wild Horse ⁶¹
Equus ferus

Saharan Zebra † ⁶²
Equus mauritanicus

North African White Rhinoceros † ⁶³
Ceratotherium mauritanicum

Merck's Rhinoceros † ⁶⁴
Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis

Narrow-nosed Rhinoceros † ¹²
Stephanorhinus hemiotoechus

Woolly Rhinoceros † ⁶⁵
Coelodonta antiquitatis

Giant Siberian Unicorn † ⁶⁶
Elasmotherium sibiricum

Polar Bear ⁶⁷
Ursus maritimus

Brown Bear ⁶⁸
Ursus arctos

Cave Bear † ⁶⁹
Ursus spelaeus

Asian Black Bear ⁷⁰
Ursus thibetanus

Wolverine ⁷¹
Gulo gulo

Eurasian Otter ⁷
Lutra lutra

Smooth-coated Otter ⁷²
Lutrogale perspicillata

Honey Badger ⁶³
Mellivora capensis

European Badger ⁷³
Meles meles

Southwest Asian Badger ⁷⁴
Meles canescens

Aardwolf ⁷⁵
Proteles septentrionalis

Spotted Hyena ²⁶
Crocuta crocuta

Striped Hyena ⁷⁶
Hyaena hyaena

Tiger ⁷⁷
Panthera tigris

Lion ⁷⁸
Panthera leo

Eurasian Cave Lion † ⁶⁵
Panthera spelaea

Leopard ⁷⁹
Panthera pardus

European Scimitar Cat † ⁶⁵
Homotherium latidens

Cheetah ⁸⁰
Acinonyx jubatus

Caracal ⁸¹
Caracal caracal

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Megafauna Parks (W Palearctic)

Nile Monitor 1 Varanus niloticus

Desert Monitor 2 Varanus griseus

Yemen Monitor 3 Varanus yemenensis

Nesterov's Desert Monitor 3 Varanus nesterovi

West African Crocodile 4 Crocodylus suchus

Nile Crocodile 5 Crocodylus niloticus

Common Ostrich 6 Struthio camelus

Savannah Elephant 7 Loxodonta africana

Asian Elephant 8 Elephas maximus

European Straight-tusked Elephant † 9 Palaeoloxodon antiquus

Woolly Mammoth † 9 Mammuthus primigenius

Rock Hyrax 10 Procavia capensis

Human 11 Homo sapiens

Neanderthal † 12 Homo neanderthalensis

Barbary Macaque 3 Macaca sylvanus

Hamadryas Baboon 13 Papio hamadryas

Giraffe 14 Giraffa camelopardalis

Elk 15 Alces alces

Red Deer 16 Cervus elaphus

Wapiti 17 Cervus canadensis

Reindeer 18 Rangifer tarandus

Giant Deer † 9 Megaloceros giganteus

African Giant Deer † 19 Megaceroides algericus

European Fallow Deer 20 Dama dama

Persian Fallow Deer 21 Dama mesopotamica

European Forest Deer † 22 Haploidoceros mediterraneus

Western Roe Deer 23 Capreolus capreolus

Eastern Roe Deer 24 Capreolus pygargus

Water Buffalo 25 Bubalus bubalis/arnee

European Water Buffalo † 26 Bubalus murrensis

Giant Long-horned Buffalo † 27 Syncerus antiquus

Cattle 28 Bos taurus

Steppe Bison † 3 Bison priscus

European Bison 29 Bison bonasus

Hartebeest 26 Alcelaphus buselaphus

Common Wildebeest 30 Connochaetes taurinus

Lesser Kudu 31 Tragelaphus imberbis

Arabian Oryx 32 Oryx leucoryx

Scimitar-horned Oryx 33 Oryx dammah

East African Oryx 34 Oryx beisa

Addax 35 Addax nasomaculatus

Cuvier's Gazelle 36 Gazella cuvieri

Arabian Gazelle 37 Gazella arabica

Mountain Gazelle 38 Gazella gazella

Rhim Gazelle 39 Gazella leptoceros

Dorcas Gazelle 40 Gazella dorcas

Sand Gazelle 38 Gazella marica

Queen of Sheba's Gazelle † 41 Gazella bilkis

Saudi Arabian Gazelle † 41 Gazella saudiya

Goitered Gazelle 31 Gazella subgutturosa

Dama Gazelle 42 Nanger dama

Saiga 43 Saiga tatarica

Northern Chamois 44 Rupicapra rupicapra

Pyrenean Chamois 21 Rupicapra pyrenaica

Alpine Ibex 45 Capra ibex

Nubian Ibex 46 Capra nubiana

Iberian Ibex 47 Capra pyrenaica

Wild Goat 48 Capra aegagrus

West Caucasian Tur 49 Capra caucasica

Wild Sheep 50 Ovis orientalis

East Caucasian Tur 51 Capra cylindricornis

Aoudad 52 Ammotragus lervia

Arabian Tahr 53 Arabitragus jayakari

European Tahr † 54 Hemitragus cedrensis

Muskox 55 Ovibos moschatus

Soergel's Ox † 56 Soergelia minor

Dromedary Camel 3 Camelus dromedarius

Steppe Camel † 3 Camelus knoblochi

Syrian Camel † & Lesser Syrian Camel † 3 Camelus moreli & Camelus concordiae

Wild Boar 57 Sus scrofa

Hippopotamus 58 Hippopotamus amphibius

Asian Wild Ass 59 Equus hemionus

African Wild Ass 60 Equus africanus

Wild Horse 61 Equus ferus

Saharan Zebra † 62 Equus mauritanicus

North African White Rhinoceros † 63 Ceratotherium mauritanicum

Merck's Rhinoceros † 64 Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis

Narrow-nosed Rhinoceros † 12 Stephanorhinus hemiotoechus

Woolly Rhinoceros † 65 Coelodonta antiquitatis