Guía general de Macrohongos de Costa Rica

Clitopilus prunulus, comúnmente conocido como molinera o mojardón, es un hongo basidiomiceto comestible, de la familia Pluteaceae. Crece en bosques de frondosas o mixtos. La seta, o cuerpo fructífero, aflora en verano y otoño. El basónimo de esta especie es Agaricus prunulus Scop. 1772, y su epíteto específico, prunulus, significa "pequeña ciruela". Es un comestible muy apreciado, aunque no debe consumirse cruda. less ↑

Tricholoma equestre —sin. Tricholoma flavovirens S. Lundell 1942—, también conocida como seta de los caballeros, es un hongo comestible del género Tricholoma que forma ectomicorrizas con los pinos. Si bien ha sido considerada buen o excelente comestible y ha sido muy consumida en Europa, especialmente en Francia, se trata de una seta que puede ser tóxica consumida en grandes cantidades, capaz incluso de provocar la muerte. less ↑

Tricholoma saponaceum, o tricoloma saponáceo, es un hongo basidiomiceto de la familia Tricholomataceae. No es comestible y su seta tiene un sabor y olor desagradables. Crece tanto en suelos de bosques de coníferas como de frondosas, entre mediados de verano y otoño. Su basónimo es Agaricus saponaceus Fr. 1818. Su epíteto específico, saponaceum, significa "con olor a jabón". less ↑

Fistulina hepatica (conocido también como “hongo bistec”, “lengua de buey” o “polypore bistec”), cuyo nombre proviene de la palabra Fistula, clasificado en los Agaraciles es un hongo propio de Reino Unido pero también pueden ser encontrados en Norte América y en el resto de Europa. Como su nombre da a entender, tiene forma de carne cruda. Se utilizó como carne en el pasado y todavía se puede encontrar en mercados franceses. Tiene un sabor amargo con... less ↑

Schizophyllum commune es una especie de hongo del género Schizophyllum. El hongo se asemeja a las ondas ondulantes de los corales apretados o al abanico chino suelto. Las "branquias" o branquias partidas varían de color amarillo cremoso a blanco pálido. El sombrero es pequeño, de 1 a 4,5 cm de ancho con una textura corporal densa pero esponjosa. Se conoce como la seta de branquias partidas debido a la naturaleza única de las "branquias" divididas longitudinalmente... less ↑

Fruit bodies have caps that are initially convex, later becoming broadly convex to more or less flat, with a diameter of 5–12 cm (2.0–4.7 in). The cap surface is dry to slightly sticky, with a texture ranging from smooth to somewhat felt-like. Its color is purplish brown to grayish brown to reddish brown; young specimens are often covered with a fine whitish bloom (a delicate, powdery coating). The flesh is whitish, and slowly stains gray-brown when it is cut or injured. It has no distinctive odor, and a mild to slightly bitter taste. On the cap underside, the pore surface is dark chocolate brown to purple brown, and stains dark brown where bruised. The nearly circular pores number up to 3 per millimeter, and the tubes are 0.9–2.2 cm (0.4–0.9 in) deep. The solid stipe measures 4.5–9 cm (1.8–3.5 in) long by 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) thick. Its color is similar to that of the cap, and it has a scurfy surface from a dense coating of purplish to purple-brown scabers.

The lilac-brown bolete produces a pinkish to reddish-brown to amber-brown spore print. The smooth, translucent spores are narrowly spindle shaped and measure 11–17 by 3.5–5 µm. Collections made in Costa Rica have shorter spores (10.5–13.3 µm) and smaller fruitbodies than eastern North American material; Guyanese material also has smaller spores, measuring 9.7–12 µm. These differences are attributed to clinal variation. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are club shaped, four-spored, and measure 23–30 by 7–8 µm. The cystidia on the pore edges (cheilocystidia) are narrowly spindle-shaped (fusoid), measuring 20–30 by 7–8 µm. Cystidia on the pore surface (pleurocystidia) are thin-walled, fusoid to swollen (ventricose), with dimensions of 27–42 by 8–12 µm. There are no clamp connections in the hyphae of Sutorius eximius.

The Australian congener Sutorius australiensis produces somewhat smaller and darker fruitbodies than S. eximius. The violet-grey bolete, Tylopilus plumbeoviolaceus, is found in eastern North America and Korea. This species is somewhat similar in appearance, but can be distinguished by its smoother stipe, less brownish colors, and bitter taste. The Asian and North American black velvet bolete,T. alboater, has a black to grayish-brown cap and grows in deciduous woods. T. violatinctus, found in eastern North America, has whitish pores, a smooth stipe, and a somewhat paler cap than S. eximius. less ↑

Exsudoporus frostii (formerly Boletus frostii), commonly known as Frost's bolete or the apple bolete, is a bolete fungus first described scientifically in 1874. A member of the family Boletaceae, the mushrooms produced by the fungus have tubes and pores instead of gills on the underside of their caps. Exsudoporus frostii is distributed in the eastern United States from Maine to Georgia, and in the southwest from Arizona extending south to Mexico an less ↑

The cap of B. ananas is 33–74 mm (1.3–2.9 in) wide and plano-convex (flat on one side and rounded on the other). It is covered with squamules (small scales) that can be either pressed against the cap or curved back on itself. The squamules range in color from reddish brown to red-tan, to pink to pinkish gray, and they are more concentrated and more scaly in the center of the cap, extending out of cream to light orange-pink to light pink-red floccose ground. The margin clasps the stem when young; at maturity it separates into triangular veil remnants (appendiculae) that measure 6–12 by 3–10 mm. The color of these appendiculae range from buff-white to faint pink. The flesh is 2–3 mm thick at the edge of the cap, 7–10 mm over the tubes, and 11–18 mm centrally. It is buff white to light yellow, and quickly turns bluish upon exposure to air. The tubes are 1–5 mm long at the margin, 10–20 mm in the center, and 4–6 mm at the stem. They are broadly and deeply depressed around the stem, of irregular lengths, bright yellow to olive-yellow to mustard-yellow, and also rapidly turn blue upon exposure. The pores are the same color as the tubes, and rapidly turn blue-green with pressure; they are angular, and there are about 0.5–1.5 pores per mm. The stem is 53–115 cm (20.9–45.3 in) by 6–14 mm (0.2–0.6 in) wide, and gradually becomes larger towards the base to 10–19 mm. The top part of the stem is cream to pink, the middle finely longitudinally striate, with the striations darkening with handling, red-lavender to brown-red, lighter with age. Immediately above the basal tomentum the stem surface is cream-colored with few striations. The basal tomentum is made of stiff, coarse white hairs over the lower 6–50 mm. The flesh of the stem is solid (i.e., not hollow) white to buff-tan to light yellow, and turns slightly blue with exposure. The odor is not distinctive (although it has been described as "musty") and the taste is mild.

The spores are olivaceous-brown in medium to heavy deposit. They are inamyloid, almond-shaped, contain one or more oil droplets, and measure 17.5–22.2 by 6.4-8 µm. The spore wall is 0.5–1 µm thick, with 12–14 longitudinal ridges. These ridges are less than 1 µm tall, occasionally bifurcating, converging at poles, with minute cross-striae. Although these cross-striae are visible when observed with light microscopy, they are not evident when viewed with scanning electron microscopy. The hilar appendage (the region of a spore which attaches to the basidium via the sterigma) is 0.3–1 µm long. The basidia are four-spored, club-shaped, and have numerous refractive globules; they measure 39–57 by 11–15 µm. The pleurocystidia (cystidia on the face of a gill) are 42–47 by 8-12 µm, swollen and beaked, slightly capitate. They are abundant, arising from the subhymenium, projecting 19.3–29.6 µm above the hymenial palisade, thin-walled, hyaline, and devoid of refractive contents. The cheilocystidia (cystidia on the edge of a gill) are 19–42 by 5–11 µm, swollen, cylindrical to narrowly cub-shaped, thin-walled, and infrequent. The flesh of the hymenium is boletoid and strongly divergent (composed of different tissue layers). The mediostratum (middle tissue layer) is 24.7–45.7 µm wide, and made of many parallel, slightly interwoven hyphae. The lateral stratum hyphae are 4.4–8.4 µm wide, hyaline, gelatinized in a dilute solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH), and regularly septate. The cap cuticle is a densely interwoven trichodermial palisade (an erect, roughly parallel chains of closely packed cells) of cylindrical elements with inflated terminal cells. The terminal cells are 23.5–51.9 by 9.4–16.8 µm, inamyloid, cylindrical to club-shaped, interwoven, and concentrated on the squamules. The marginal appendiculae are composed of wefts of interwoven inflated hyphae, some with faint golden spirally arranged encrusting pigments that are evident when mounted in water, KOH, and Melzer's reagent. The flesh of the cap is composed of highly interwoven hyphae measuring 7.4–11.1 µm wide that are hyaline in water, gelatinized and hyaline in KOH, and regularly septate. The stipitipellis (stem cuticle) is a trichodermial palisade of cylindrical elements with inflated terminal cells. The terminal cells project 30.4–63 µm, and they are cylindrical to club-shaped, occasionally with an abrupt tapering point. The flesh of the stem is made of densely interwoven hyphae that are 4.9–7.2 µm wide, with spirally arranged, faint golden encrusting pigments that can be seen in KOH, Melzer's reagent, and water. Clamp connections are absent in this species.

The typical variety of Boletellus ananas has consistently larger fruit bodies than B. ananas var. minor Singer from Brazil and Nicaragua, and lacks the thick-walled cheilocystidia of B. ananas var. crassotunicatus Singer from Nicaragua and Panama.

Although the mushroom is used as a food in Mexico, field guides list it as "inedible" or "not recommended". less ↑

Boletellus ananas, commonly known as the pineapple bolete, is a mushroom in the family Boletaceae, and the type species of the genus Boletellus. It is distributed in southeastern North America, northeastern South America, Asia, and New Zealand, where it grows scattered or in groups on the ground, often at the base of oak and pine trees. The fruit body is characterized by the reddish-pink (or pinkish-tan to yellowish if an older specimen) scales on the cap... less ↑

Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca es una especie de hongo basidiomiceto conocido como rebezuelo anarajando o falso rebezuelo. Se asemeja al rebezuelo, pero es más naranja y con pliegues más irregulares. ​​ Seta comestible pero con poco valor culinario. Tiene hasta 10 cm de diámetro y aparece en otoño en bosques de coníferas. Está ampliamente distribuida por Eurasia, América y Oceanía. Fue descrita por primera vez por Franz Xaver von Wulfen en 1781 como Agaricus aurantiacus less ↑

Cantharellus cibarius —conocido comúnmente como rebozuelo, anacate o chantarela— es un hongo basidiomiceto de la familia Cantharellaceae. Su seta es comestible, y se puede encontrar cerca de coníferas y árboles planifolios, en la mayor parte de los casos a la sombra de encinas, alcornoques o robles. En la época de verano-otoño la seta aparece como ingrediente en muchos de los platos de la cocina europea. less ↑

Bjerkandera adusta, comúnmente conocida como la polípora ahumada o corchete ahumado,​ es una especie de hongo en la familia Meruliaceae. Es un patógeno de plantas que causa la pudrición blanca en los árboles vivos, pero generalmente aparece en la madera muerta. Fue descrita por primera vez científicamente como Boletus adustus por Carl Ludwig Willdenow en 1787.​ La secuencia del genoma de Bjerkandera adusta se informó en 2013.​ less ↑