Graminoids of Fort Bowie National Historic Site
Yellow Nutsedge
Cyperus esculentus (or chufa sedge, nut grass, yellow nutsedge, tigernut sedge, or earth almond) is a crop of the family sedge native to warm temperate to subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It can be found wild, as a weed or as a crop. It has been cultivated since the fourth millennium BC in Egypt, and for several centuries in ...more ↓
bearded flatsedge
Cyperus squarrosus is a species of sedge known by several common names, including bearded flatsedge and awned flatsedge. It is found in wet environments nearly worldwide. It is a small sedge, reaching a maximum height between 10 and 16 centimeters. There are one to three short, thin leaves around the base of the plant. The inflorescence is a single spherical or ...more ↓
toad rush
Juncus bufonius, known commonly as toad rush, is a common species of rush found worldwide. It grows in moist and muddy places and is considered a weed in many areas. This is an annual monocot that is quite variable in appearance. It is sometimes described as a complex of variants labeled with one species name. It is generally a green clumping grasslike rush with many thin ...more ↓
rocky mountain rush
Juncus saximontanus is a species of rush known by the common name Rocky Mountain rush. It is native to much of western North America from Alaska to central Mexico, where it grows in wet habitat, often in mountainous areas, such as bogs and moist meadows.
Slender Rush
Juncus tenuis, the slender rush, is a clump-forming, round-stemmed perennial in the Juncaceae (rush family). Slender rush grows to be between 15 and 60 cm tall. Generally considered a weed, it is rarely sold by retailers as a household container plant. Where it is introduced, it is colloquially called path rush, field rush, slender yard rush or ...more ↓
sixweeks three-awn
Aristida adscensionis is a species of grass known by the common name Sixweeks threeawn. It is native to the Americas but it is distributed nearly worldwide. It grows easily in disturbed and waste areas and has potential to become a weed.
Purple three-awn
Aristida purpurea is a species of grass native to North America which is known by the common name purple three-awn. This grass is fairly widespread and can be found across the western two thirds of the United States, much of southern Canada and parts of northern Mexico. It is most abundant on the plains.
wild oat
Avena fatua is a species of grass in the oat genus. It is known as the common wild oat. This oat is native to Eurasia but it has been introduced to most of the other temperate regions of the world. It is naturalized in some areas and considered a noxious weed in others. It is a typical oat in appearance, a green grass with hollow, erect stems 1 to 4 feet tall bearing ...more ↓
cane bluestem
Bothriochloa barbinodis is a species of grass known by the common name cane bluestem. It is native to the Americas, including most of South and Central America, Mexico, and the southernmost continental United States from California to Florida.
navajita
Bouteloua barbata is a species of grass known by the common name six-weeks grama. It is native to North America, where it occurs in the southwestern United States and south to Oaxaca in southern Mexico. It may occur in Montana. It is also present in Argentina.
side-oats grama
Bouteloua curtipendula, commonly known as sideoats grama, is a perennial, short prairie grass that is native throughout the temperate and tropical Western Hemisphere, from Canada south to Argentina.
black grama
Bouteloua eriopoda, commonly known as Black Grama, is a perennial prairie grass that is native to the Southwestern United States. Its main means of reproduction is by stolons, as its ratio of viable seeds to sterile ones is naturally low. The disparity may play a role in its lack of tolerance to overgrazing (relative to other grasses), but aside from this B. ...more ↓
Blue Grama
Blue grama grass, Bouteloua gracilis, is a long-lived, warm-season, C4 perennial grass, native to North America. It is most commonly found from Alberta, Canada, east to Manitoba and south across the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and U.S. Midwest states to Mexico. Blue grama accounts for most of the net primary productivity in the shortgrass prairie of the central and ...more ↓
Hairy Grama
Bouteloua hirsuta, commonly known as Hairy grama, is a perennial short prairie grass that is native throughout much of North America, including the Great Plains and Canadian Prairies region, as well as Mexico and Guatemala.
California brome
Bromus carinatus is a species of brome grass known by the common names California brome and mountain brome.
foxtail brome
Bromus madritensis (also, B. matritensis) is a species of brome grass known by the common name compact brome.
Cheat Grass
Drooping brome or cheat grass, Bromus tectorum, is a grass native to Europe, southwestern Asia and northern Africa.
coastal sandbur
Cenchrus spinifex, known commonly as the common sandbur or coastal sandbur, is a perennial grass that grows from 5 to 30 inches high in sandy or gravelly terrain. It is found throughout the southern United States southward into Mexico and the Caribbean, and also grows in the Philippines and South Africa. The grass produces a bur, a type of grain fruit, consisting ...more ↓
feather finger grass
Chloris virgata is a species of grass known by the common names feather fingergrass and feather windmillgrass. It is native to many of the warmer temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions of the world, including parts of Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas, and it is present in many other areas as a naturalized species, including Hawaii, Australia, and the Canary ...more ↓
Bermuda Grass
Cynodon dactylon, also known as dūrvā grass, Dhoob, Bermuda grass, bermudagrass, dubo, dog's tooth grass, Bahama grass, devil's grass, couch grass, Indian doab, arugampul, grama, and scutch grass, is a grass native to north and east Africa, Asia, Australia and southern Europe. Although it is not native to Bermuda, it is an abundant ...more ↓
Fluffgrass
Dasyochloa is a monotypic genus of grass containing the single species Dasyochloa pulchella (syn. Erioneuron pulchellum), which is known by the common names fluffgrass and low woollygrass. It is native to the Southwestern United States, California, and northern to central Mexico, where it grows in dry regions such as deserts.
zacate punta blanca
Digitaria californica is a species of grass known by the common name Arizona cottontop. It is native to the Americas, where it can be found in the southwestern United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Fall Witchgrass
Digitaria cognata is a species of grass known by the common names fall witchgrass,Carolina crabgrass, and mountain hairgrass.
hairy crabgrass
Digitaria sanguinalis is a species of grass known by the common name hairy crabgrass or large crabgrass. It is one of the better-known species of crabgrass, and one that is known nearly worldwide as a common weed. It is an annual grass with an inflorescence of up to nine very long, very thin, radiating branches atop its stems. Each branch is lined with pairs of ...more ↓
Shama Millet
Echinochloa colona is a type of wild grass originating from tropical Asia. It was formerly classified as a species of Panicum. It is the wild ancestor of the cultivated cereal crop Echinochloa frumentacea, sawa millet. Some taxonomists treat the two taxa as one species, in which case the domesticated forms may also be referred to as E. colona.
barnyardgrass
Echinochloa crus-galli is a type of wild grass originating from tropical Asia that was formerly classified as a type of panicum grass. It is commonly known as cockspur (or cockspur grass), barnyard millet, Japanese millet, water grass, common barnyard grass, or simply "barnyard grass" (which may refer to any species of ...more ↓
squirreltail
Elymus elymoides is a species of wild rye known by the common name squirreltail. This grass is native to most of North America west of the Mississippi River. It occurs in a number of ecosystems, from alpine forest to desert sage scrub to valley grassland.
nine-awned pappus grass
Enneapogon desvauxii is a species of grass known by the common name nineawn pappusgrass. This is a short perennial bunchgrass native to the southwestern United States, northern Mexico, and parts of South America. It is known less often on other continents.
Stinkgrass
Eragrostis cilianensis is a species of grass known by several common names, including stinkgrass, candy grass, and gray lovegrass.
African Love Grass
Eragrostis curvula is a species of grass known by the common name weeping lovegrass. Other common names include Boer lovegrass, curved lovegrass, Catalina lovegrass, and African lovegrass. It is native to southern Africa, and it is present on other continents as an introduced species.
Plains Lovegrass
Eragrostis intermedia is a species of grass known by the common name plains lovegrass. It is native to North and Central America, where it is distributed from the southeastern and southwestern United States south to Costa Rica. Its range may extend to South America.
amorseco africano
Eragrostis lehmanniana is a species of grass known by the common name Lehmann lovegrass. It is native to southern Africa. It is present elsewhere as an introduced species. It is well known as an invasive weed in some areas, such as Arizona in the United States.
purple love grass
Eragrostis pectinacea is a species of grass known by the common name Tufted lovegrass. This plant is native to the Americas from Canada to Argentina. It is widespread, growing in most open spaces at varying elevations and habitats, including in disturbed areas and roadsides.
tanglehead
Heteropogon contortus is a tropical, perennial tussock grass with a native distribution encompassing Southern Africa, southern Asia, Northern Australia and Oceania. The species has also become a naturalised weed in tropical and subtropical regions in the Americas and East Asia. The plant grows to 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) in height and is favoured in most environments by frequent ...more ↓
rizado
Hilaria belangeri is a species of grass known by the common name curly-mesquite, sometimes written curlymesquite or curly mesquite. It is not related to mesquites, which are legumes. This grass is native to Mexico and the southwestern United States from Arizona to Texas.
vine mesquite
Hopia obtusa is a species of grass commonly known as Vine Mesquite. This plant was treated as Panicum obtusum until recently when more molecular and genetic material revealed new information about it.Hopia obtusa is now placed in the monotypic genus Hopia.
june grass
Koeleria macrantha is a species of grass known by the common name prairie Junegrass. In the UK it is known as crested hair-grass. It is native to much of North America, from Alaska to California, from northern Mexico to the Eastern United States. It occurs in a large number of habitat types, especially prairie.
green sprangletop
Leptochloa dubia is a species of grass known by the common names green sprangletop and zacate gigante. It is native to the Americas, where it is distributed from the United States to Argentina.
Lycurus setosus
Lycurus setosus is a species of grass in the Poaceae family, commonly known as the bristly wolfstail. It is found at high elevations in dry areas of the south western United States, as well as in Bolivia and Argentina.
liendrilla amacollada
Muhlenbergia porteri is a species of grass known by the common name Bush muhly. It is native to North America, where it can be found throughout the Southwestern United States, California desert, and parts of Mexico. It grows in rocky, shrubby habitat.
deergrass
Muhlenbergia rigens, commonly known as Deergrass, is a warm season perennial bunchgrass found in sandy or well drained soils below 7,000 feet (2,100 m) in elevation in the Southwestern United States and parts of Mexico.
witch grass
Panicum capillare, known by the common name witchgrass, is a species of grass. It is native plant to most of North America from the East Coast through all of the West Coast and California. It can be found as an introduced species in Eurasia, and as a weed in gardens and landscaped areas. It grows in many types of habitat.
panizo cauchin
Panicum hirticaule is a species of grass known by the common names Mexican panicgrass and roughstalked witchgrass.
Annual meadow grass
Poa annua, or annual meadow grass (known in America more commonly as annual bluegrass or simply poa), is a widespread low-growing turfgrass in temperate climates. Though P. annua is commonly considered a solely annual plant due to its name, perennial bio-types do exist. 'Poa' is Greek for fodder. It is one of the sweetest grasses for green fodder, but ...more ↓
Poa bigelovii
Poa bigelovii is a species of grass known by the common name Bigelow's bluegrass. It is native to the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, where it grows in shady spots in desert and plateau habitat.
burro grass
Scleropogon is a monotypic genus of grass which includes the sole species Scleropogon brevifolius, or burrograss. This grass is found in two areas of the world, in North America from the southwestern United States to central Mexico and in South America in Chile and Argentina. This is a perennial mat-forming grass with sharp, tufted leaves and firm awns. This ...more ↓
yellow foxtail
Setaria leucopila, commonly known as Plains Bristlegrass or Streambed Bristlegrass, is a perennial prairie grass that is native to the southern plains of the United States. It reaches a height of 4 to 39 in (10 to 99 cm). Although good forage for livestock, it is only fair for wildlife use. It reproduces by seeds and tillers.
ne-kuuk
Setaria vulpiseta is a species of grass known by the common name plains bristlegrass. It is native to North America, where it occurs in Texas to Colorado to Arizona in the United States and northern and central Mexico.
Johnson grass
Sorghum halepense, commonly called Johnson grass, is a plant in the grass family, Poaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, but growing throughout Europe and the Middle East. The plant has been introduced to all continents except Antarctica, and most larger islands and archipelagos. It reproduces by rhizomes and seeds.
alkali sacaton
Sporobolus airoides is a species of grass known by the common name alkali sacaton. It is native to western North America, including the Western United States west of the Mississippi River, British Columbia and Alberta in Canada, and northern and central Mexico. It grows in many types of habitat, often in alkali soils, such as in California desert regions.
spike dropseed
Sporobolus contractus is a species of grass known by the common name spike dropseed. It is native to western North America, including the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It grows in desert and plateau habitat, in woodlands, scrub, and dry, sandy, open areas.
sand dropseed
Sporobolus cryptandrus is a species of grass known by the common name sand dropseed. It is native to North America, where it is widespread throughout southern Canada, most all of the United States, and northern Mexico.
big sacaton
Sporobolus wrightii is a species of grass known by the common names big sacaton and giant sacaton. It is native to the western United States and northern and central Mexico. This species is sometimes considered a variety of Sporobolus airoides.
tridente esbelto
Tridens muticus is a species of grass known by the common name slim tridens. It is native to Mexico and the southwestern quadrant of the United States, where it grows several types of habitat, including plateau and desert, woodlands, sagebrush, plains, and other areas with dry sandy and clay soils.
pullout grass
Vulpia octoflora (Pullout grass, Sixweeks fescue, Sixweeks grass,Eight-flower sixweeks grass, Eight-flowered fescue; syn. Festuca octoflora Walter var. tenella, Festuca gracilenta Buckley, Festuca tenella Willd.), is an annual plant in the grass family (Poaceae).
