San Antonio Missions National Historical Park Butterfly Guide 🦋

Color: Upperside of wings orange in both sexes; orange-yellow form rare. Forewing with small black cell spot. Male with sharply defined black borders on outer and costal margins; female borders not so well-defined. In winter form, underside of hindwing is brick red, brown, or tan; in summer form it is orange-yellow.
Wingspan: 1 3/8 - 2 1/4 inches (3.5 - 5.7 cm)
Host plants: Cassia species in the pea family (Fabaceae).
Adult food: Nectar from many species of flowers, including shepherd's needle (Bidens pilosa).
Overwintering stage: Dry season form (adult)
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: All year long in southern Texas and Deep South. Mid- to late summer in the north.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Abaeis-nicippe less ↑

Color: Underside looks like a dead leaf.
Wingspan: 2 1/4 - 3 1/16 inches (5.7 - 7.8 cm)
Host plants: Various Croton species in the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae).
Overwintering stage: N/A
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: The dry season form flies from September-April; the wet season form from April-September.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Anaea-aidea
http://www.dallasbutterflies.com/Butterflies/html/aidea.html less ↑

Color: Underside looks like a dead leaf. Male summer form is dull red with a barely hooked forewing tip, and a short tail on the hindwing. Male winter form is redder with more dark markings, a definitely hooked forewing tip, and a longer tail than the summer form. Both female forms are lighter red and have an irregular yellow submarginal band. The winter female form has hooked forewing tips.
Wingspan: 2 3/8 - 3 1/4 inches (6 - 8.2 cm)
Host plants: Goatweed (Croton capitatum), Texas croton (C. texensis), and prairie tea (C. monanthogynus); all in the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae).
Overwintering stage: adults
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: The winter form flies from August-May, the summer form from July-August.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Anaea-andria less ↑

Color: Fringes are checkered black and white. Upperside is black with 3-5 small white spots on the forewing tip. Underside of hindwing is patterned with patches of brown, gray, and black.
Wingspan: 3/4 - 1 3/16 inches (1.9 - 3 cm)
Host plants: Various grasses including St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum), crab grass (Digitaria sanguinalis), bristlegrass (Setaria glauca), barnyard grass (Echinochloa pungens), and green spangletop (Leptochloa dubia).
Overwintering stage: half-grown to mature larvae
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: March-October and throughout the year in S. Texas

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Amblyscirtes-nysa
Scott, 1986 The Butterflies of North America less ↑

Color: Outer margin is indented below tip of forewing. Upperside is black with small white spots and some rusty red near wing bases. Hindwing with median band of cream-colored spots.
Wingspan: 1 1/4 - 1 7/8 inches (3.2 - 4.8 cm)
Host plants: Various low plants of the acanthus family including Ruellia, Jacobina, Beloperone, and Siphonoglossa.
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: March-November in south Florida and Arizona, throughout the year in South Texas and the tropics.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Anthanassa-texana less ↑

Amblyscirtes celia (also called Celia's roadside skipper or roadside rambler) is a butterfly of the Hesperiidae family. It is found from Texas, south to north-eastern Mexico. Strays to south-western Louisiana.
Color: Upperside is dark brown; forewing has a light spot at the end of the cell. The underside of hindwing is gray with 2 rows of distinct white spots.
Wingspan: 7/8 - 1 1/16 inches (2.2 - 2.7 cm).
Host plants: Paspalum grass and flowering plants
Overwintering stage: fourth-stage larvae
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: Several broods; from May-September in central Texas, throughout the year in South Texas.

Source: https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/search/google/Amblyscirtes%20celia
Scott, 1986 The Butterflies of North America less ↑

Color: Upperside is white with light brown markings and a double row of light crescents at the margins. Forewing has one round, black spot; hindwing has two. Dry season (winter) form is larger and paler; wet season (summer form) is smaller and darker.
Wingspan: 2 - 2 3/4 inches (5.1 - 7 cm)
Host plants: Water hyssop (Bacopa), Ruellia, and Lippia.
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system: patrolling and occasionally perching
Flight: Throughout the year

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Anartia-jatrophae less ↑

Color: Upper surface of hindwing iridescent blue or blue-green. Underside of hindwing with submarginal row of 7 round orange spots in iridescent blue field.
Wingspan: 2 3/4 - 5 inches (7 - 13 cm)
Host plants: Pipevines (Aristolochia species), including Aristolochia californica, A. serpentaria and others.
Overwintering stage: chrysalis
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: late spring in the East and California; late summer and fall in South and Southwest

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Battus-philenor less ↑

Color: Upperside of male is yellow-orange with a wide brown border and a large squarish black stigma. Female upperside varies from yellow-brown to very dark brown, but always has a square transparent white spot at the end of the forewing cell. Underside of female hindwing is brown with nearly square cream or white spots.
Wingspan: 1 1/4 - 1 5/8 inches (3.2 - 4.2 cm)
Host plants: Grasses including Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), crabgrass (Digitaria), St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum), and goosegrass (Eleusine).
Overwintering stage: N/A
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: May-November in the north; March-December in the Deep South

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Atalopedes-campestris less ↑

Color: Extremely variable geographically. Upperside is reddish brown. Forewing has 1 submarginal eyespot, a jagged row of white spots, and the cell has 1 solid black bar and 2 separate black spots.
Wingspan: 1 3/8 - 2 1/2 inches (3.5 - 6.3 cm).
Host plants: Various hackberries (Celtis species) and sugarberry (Celtis laevigata).
Adult food: Sap, rotting fruit, dung, carrion. Will take moisture at wet spots along roads and streams.
Range: Resident in most of the eastern United States, central Plains states, and the southwest mountains; northern Mexico.
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: Two broods from May-October.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Asterocampa-celtis less ↑

Color: Geographically variable. Upperside is chestnut brown; forewing with 2 brown bars in the cell, no white spots, and no eyespots near the outer margin. Hindwing uppersides are orange with black submarginal spots in one form, and all black in the other form.
Wingspan: 1 5/8 - 2 3/4 inches (4.2 - 7 cm)
Host plants: Trees of the elm family including Celtis occidentalis, C. tenuifolia, C. laevigata, C. lindheimeri, and C. reticulata.
Overwintering stage: Third-stage caterpillars
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: June-August in the north; March-November in the south

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Asterocampa-clyton less ↑

Color: Male forewing pointed. Upperside brown with slightly darker median bands; fringes checkered.
Wingspan: 3/4 - 1 inch (2 - 2.5 cm)
Host plants: Seepwillow (Baccharis glutinosa), perhaps virgin's bower (Clematis species).
Flight: All year in south Texas, May-October in California

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Calephelis-nemesis less ↑

Color: Male with tip of forewing rounded. Upperside brown with indistinctly checkered fringes; may have dark median band.
Wingspan: 11/16 - 15/16 inch (1.8 - 2.4 cm)
Host plants: Boneset (Eupatorium odoratum) in the sunflower family (Asteraceae).
Flight: Throughout the year in South Texas, but most common from March-November.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Calephelis-perditalis less ↑

Color: Robust. Forewing is long and pointed, hindwing is lobed. Upperside is brown-black with large translucent spots on both forewing and hindwing. Underside is red-brown; hindwing has 3 or 4 cream spots.
Wingspan: 1 3/4 - 2 3/8 inches (4.5 - 6.1 cm)
Host plants: Various cultivated plants in the canna family (Marantaceae).
Overwintering stage: may only overwinter in southernmost part of FL
Flight: Late summer in the north; several broods from April-December in South Texas; two broods from July-November in Arizona; throughout the year in Florida and the tropics.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Calpodes-ethlius
https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/brazilian_skipper.htm less ↑

Color: Skipper with exceptionally long tails and a long silver stripe on hindwing below. Similar to Zilpa Longtail, which has a central white trapezoidal patch on hidwing below. Caterpillar is pale green-yellow with yellow lateral lines and many tiny black dots; protothorax red with a black patch behind head; head red with a black Y on frong.
Wingspan: 46-52 mm.
Host plants: herb Leguminosae: Tephrosia lindheimeri, Phaseolus atropurpureus, Rhynchosia minima
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: All year in southern Texas and lowland tropics.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Chioides-catillus
Scott, 1986 The Butterflies of North America less ↑

Color: Leading edge of forewing is arched in both sexes. Male upperside is dark brown with a postmedian line of metallic spots extending from leading edge of forewing. Female lighter. Underside of male checkered with red; female orange.
Wingspan: 3/4 - 1 inch (2 - 2.5 cm)
Host plants: Spiny hackberry (Celtis pallida) in the elm family.
Overwintering stage: Older caterpillars
Flight: March-November in South Texas

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Caria-ino less ↑

Color: Two tails on the hindwing. Underside of both wings gray-brown; inner edge of postmedian line bordered narrowly with red-orange. Underside of hindwing has eyespot at lower apex with equal amounts of orange and black.
Wingspan: 7/8 - 1 1/4 inches (2.2 - 3.2 cm)
Host plants: Dead leaves and fruits, and detritus, especially under trees in the cashew family (Anacardiaceae).
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system:
Flight: January-September in Texas and Mexico.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Calycopis-isobeon less ↑

Color: Hindwing with a very long tail. Wings are dark brown; forewing with large pale spots. Underside of hindwing has a long silver-white band from the costa to the base of the tail.
Wingspan: 1 1/2 - 2 1/8 inches (3.9 - 5.4 cm)
Host plants: Many legumes including Tephrosia, Mimosa, Phaseolus, and Rhynchosia.
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system:
Flight: throughout the year in South Texas.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Chioides-albofasciatus less ↑

Color: Upperside of male brown with purple iridescence; female dull gray. Underside of both wings green with silver-white postmedian band.
Wingspan: 7/8 - 1 1/4 inches (2.2 - 3.2 cm)
Host plants: In Florida halicacabum) of the soapberry family (Sapindaceae). Many other hosts in other parts of the range.
Adult food: Nectar from flowers of balloon vine and Antigonon leptotus.
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system:
Flight: August-December

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Chlorostrymon-simaethis less ↑

Color: Upperside bright orange with black markings; 3 black-encircled white dots on forewing leading edge. Underside brown; forewing with orange at base; both wings with elongated, iridescent silver spots.
Wingspan: 2 1/2 - 3 3/4 inches (6.3 - 9.5 cm)
Host plants: Various species of passion-vine including maypops (Passiflora incarnata) and running pop (P. foetida).
Adult food: Nectar from lantana, shepherd\'s needle, cordias, composites, and others.
Overwintering stage: adults
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: Throughout the year in south Florida and South Texas, January-November in the north.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Agraulis-vanillae less ↑

Color: Variable. Upperside is black with a very wide orange or cream median band and small orange or white postmedian spots. Underside of hindwing is black with a yellow to cream-colored median band, small white postmedian spots, and large cream-colored marginal spots. Red spot near abdomen is usually separate from the median band.
Wingspan: 1 3/8 - 2 inches (3.5 - 5.1 cm)
Host plants: Plants in the sunflower family including sunflowers (Helianthus), ragweed (Ambrosia trifida), crownbeard (Verbesina), and cockleburs (Xanthium).
Overwintering stage: Third-stage caterpillars
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: March-October in California, throughout the year in South Texas.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Chlosyne-lacinia less ↑

Color: Upperside with dark checkered pattern. Black median stripe separates inner yellow-orange band and outer orange band. Underside of hindwing has alternating bands of orange and cream spots, all outlined in black.
Wingspan: 1 1/4 - 1 3/4 inches (3.2 - 4.4 cm)
Host plants: Ceniza blanca (Leucophyllum texanum and L. frutescens) in Texas, paintbrush (Castilleja species) in Arizona.
Overwintering stage: Third- or fourth-stage caterpillars
Mate-Location system: patrolling and sometimes perching
Flight: April-October in the Southwest, throughout the year in the tropics.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Chlosyne-theona less ↑

Color: Upper and lower sides of forewing are black with small white spots. Upper hindwing is black with large orange-red patch on the basal half. Lower side of hindwing has an orange-red postmedian band that does not extend to margins of the wing.
Wingspan: 1 7/8 - 2 5/8 inches (4.8 - 6.7 cm)
Host plants: Scrubby plants in the acanthus family (Acanthaceae) including Anisacanthus wrightii in Texas.
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system:
Flight: July-November in South Texas; all year in tropics

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Chlosyne-janais less ↑

Color: Upperside of both wings with basal half unpatterned orange, and little or no contrast between basal and outer parts. Hindwing margins not angled; underside orange-brown with darker pattern.
Wingspan: 2 9/16 - 2 15/16 inches (6.5 - 7.5 cm)
Host plants: Passion-vines (Passiflora), morning glories (Convolvulaceae), and Turnera.
Adult food: Nectar from flowers of Lantana, Stachytarpheta, and Turnera; occasionally dung.
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system:
Flight: September-October in central Texas, all year in South Texas and tropics.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Euptoieta-hegesia less ↑

Color: Forewing is narrow and pointed, hindwing is somewhat triangular. Upperside of wing is black; forewing has a dull brown patch at the end of the cell. Hindwing has white fringe on the outer margin. Male has a costal fold containing yellow scent scales; female has a patch of scent scales on the 7th abdominal segment.
Wingspan: 1 5/16 - 1 3/4 inches (3.4 - 4.5 cm)
Host plants: Various legumes including New Mexican locust (Robinia neomexicana), bur clover (Medicago hispida), deerweed (Lotus scoparius), desert ironwood (Olneya tesota), and vetch (Vicia species).
Overwintering stage: Caterpillars from the last brood
Mate-Location system:
Flight: 3 broods from March-December

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Erynnis-funeralis less ↑

Color: Upperside of male is white with narrow black chevrons at the outer margins of wings; female has thicker, darker markings and black at the wing bases. Underside of both sexes is white with pale tan markings.
Wingspan: 1 1/4 - 1 1/2 inches (3.2 - 3.8 cm)
Host plants: Various mallows including globemallows (Sphaeralcea), hollyhock (Althaea), and mallow (Malva).
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: April-October less ↑

Color: Upperside of male light blue with a darker narrow border; female dark brown, often with wing bases blue. Underside gray; both wings with a row of dark postmedian dashes. Florida butterflies have one submarginal eyespot on hindwing; Southwest butterflies have two.
Wingspan: 3/4 - 1 1/8 inches (2 - 3 cm)
Host plants: A variety of woody legumes including partridge pea (Cassia brachiata), mesquite (Prosopis species), and rosary pea (Abrus precatorius).
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: Throughout the year in Texas and south Florida, late summer in other parts of its range.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Hemiargus-ceraunus less ↑

Color: Antennae are very short. Male wide black stigma. Underside of the hindwing is scattered with small black spots. Female: Upperside is dark brown with a very irregular orange band. Underside of hindwing is pale brown with paler checks.
Wingspan: 1 1/4 - 1 1/2 inches (3.2 - 3.8 cm)
Host plants: Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), crabgrass (Digitaria), St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum), and other grasses.
Adult food: Nectar from flowers of a variety of plants including sweet pepperbush, swamp milkweed, asters, sneezeweed, knapweed, ironweed, and thistles.
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: Several broods from May-August in the north, all year in Florida and South Texas.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Hylephila-phyleus less ↑

Color: Upperside of males pale blue; females with white patches. Underside tan with broken pale lines; forewing inner margin has "blank" areas with no spots.
Wingspan: 3/4 - 1 3/8 inches (2 - 3.5 cm)
Host plants: Ornamental leadwort (Plumbago capensis), rattlebox (Crotalaria incana), hairy milk pea (Galactia volubilis), and lima bean (Phaseolus limensis). Larva has been reared on the crenulate lead plant, Amorpha crenulata.
Adult food: Nectar from shepherd's needle, lippia, and many other flowers.
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system:
Flight: All through the year in southern Florida and South Texas.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Leptotes-cassius less ↑

Color: Tip of forewing square-shaped. Upperside forewing of male white with yellow basal area; often with vertical black bar at wing edge. Underside of hindwing has raised veins and satin sheen. Females occur in both yellow and white forms. Both sexes are extremely variable
Wingspan: 1 1/2 - 2 3/8 inches (3.8 - 6 cm)
Host plants: Plants in the Zygophyllaceae family vitae (Guaiacum sanctum) in southern Florida and Porliera angustifolia in Texas.
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system:
Flight: Throughout the year in South Texas, April-August in Florida and to the north and east.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Kricogonia-lyside less ↑

Color: Wings are dark brown. Upperside of male forewing has a dark black stigma; female forewing has transparent white spots. Underside of hindwing has dark and light patches and a violet-blue sheen.
Wingspan: 1 1/4 - 1 3/4 inches (3.2 - 4.5 cm)
Host plants: Various grasses including St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum), wooly beard grass (Erianthus alopecturoides), and Echinochloa povietianum.
Adult food: Various pink, purple, or white flowers including shepherd's needle, selfheal, vervain, buttonbush, and lantana.
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: Throughout the year in Florida and South Texas.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Lerema-accius less ↑

Color: Labial palps long and extended forward. Tip of forewing squared off. Upperside brown, forewing with orange at base and inner margin, and white spots on outer half. Underside of hindwing mottled or smooth violet-gray.
Wingspan: 1 3/8 - 2 inches (3.5 - 5 cm)
Host plants: Several species of hackberry (Celtis).
Adult food: Nectar from flowers of aster, dogbane, dogwood, goldenrod, sweet pepperbush, and others.
Overwintering stage: Adults in the southern part of their range.
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: 2 broods; May-June, and August

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Libytheana-carinenta less ↑

Color: Upperside is gray-white to light brown; hindwing has a median row of white spots and an orange marginal band. Underside is pale orange with white markings.
Wingspan: 1 3/8 - 1 15/16 inches (3.5 - 5 cm)
Host plants: Noseburn (Tragia neptifolia) in the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae).
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system:
Flight: Throughout the year in South Texas, although it is most numerous from June-November.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Mestra-amymone less ↑

Color: Small, with elongated forewings. Upperside yellow with black markings, female with more extensive black than male. White form very rare. Underside of forewing with orange or yellow patch at base of wing and black spots at outer wing edge. Winter form has dusty green hindwing, summer form hindwing is pale yellow.
Wingspan: 3/4 - 1 1/4 inches (2 - 3.2 cm).
Host plants: plants in the aster family (Asteraceae) especially shepherd's needle (Bidens pilosa), sneezeweed (Helenium), fetid marigold (Dyssodia), and cultivated marigold (Tagetes).
Adult food: Nectars at Labrador tea, asters, wild marigold, rabbitbrush, and others.
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system: males patrol
Flight: Throughout the year in peninsular Florida and South Texas. After overwintering as adults in the South, some migrate north in spring and summer. Flight of about 6 months in the north. less ↑

Color: Wings are somewhat translucent. Upperside is gray-brown; male has no markings, female may have 2 small black eyespots. Underside of hindwing is mottled gray, brown, and black and has a distinct median band outlined in white.
Wingspan: 1 5/8 - 2 1/8 inches (4.2 - 5.4 cm)
Host plants: Grasses and sedges.
Overwintering stage: the first winter is passed by first-stage caterpillars, the second winter by mature caterpillars.
Mate-Location system: patrolling and occasionally perching
Flight: mid-June to early August

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Oeneis-polixenes/ less ↑

Color: Upperside is dark brown; forewing has 2-5 pale spots; hindwing is unmarked. Underside of hindwing is yellow-brown and veins are the same color, not paler.
Wingspan: 15/16 - 1 1/8 inches (2.4 - 2.9 cm)
Host plants: Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon).
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: Throughout the year in South Texas, April-October elsewhere.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Nastra-julia less ↑

Color:Forewing with diagonal band of yellow spots. Tails are edged with black and filled with yellow.
Wingspan: 4 - 6 1/4 inches (10.2 - 16 cm).
Host plants: Trees and herbs of the citrus family (Rutaceae) including Citrus species, prickly ash (Zanthoxylum americanum), hop tree (Ptelea trifoliata), and Common Rue (Ruta graveolens).
Adult food: Nectar from lantana, azalea, bougainvilla, bouncing Bet, dame's rocket, goldenrod, Japanese honeysuckle, and swamp milkweed.
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system:
Flight: Two in the north from May-September; all year in Florida and the Deep South.

Source: https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/papilio-rumiko less ↑

Color: Upper surface of male is lemon yellow with no markings. Female is yellow or white; outer edges of both wings with irregular black borders; upper forewing with dark spot in cell. Lower surface of hindwing of both sexes with 2 pink-edged silver spots.
Wingspan: 2 1/4 - 3 1/8 inches (5.7 - 8 cm)
Host plants: Cassia species in the pea family (Fabaceae).
Adult food: Nectar from many different flowers with long tubes including cordia, bougainvilla, cardinal flower, hibiscus, lantana, and wild morning glory.
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: Many flights year around in the Deep South; may have one flight in late summer in other southern states

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Phoebis-sennae less ↑

Color: Upper surface of male bright orange with no markings. Two female forms, pink-white or yellow-orange. Underside forewing of both sexes with straight submarginal line. Two seasonal forms; winter form has heavier underside markings.
Wingspan: 2 1/4 - 3 3/8 inches (5.7 - 8.6 cm)
Host plants: Pithecellobium and Inga species in the pea family (Fabaceae).
Adult food: Nectar from flowers of lantana, shepherd's needle, bougainvilla, rose periwinkle, turk's cap, and hibiscus.
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system:
Flight: All year in south Texas and south Florida, strays north in mid- to late summer.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Phoebis-agarithe less ↑

Color: Forewing is dark orange and black with a pale cream median band. Underside of hindwing is cream to yellowish; spring and fall butterflies (form marcia) have a gray hindwing.
Wingspan: 1 - 1 1/2 inches (2.5 - 3.8 cm)
Host plants: Fogfruit (Lippia lanceolata) and mat grass (Lippia nodiflora) in the verbena family.
Adult food: Nectar from flowers of Lippia and composites including shepherd's needle.
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: Many broods southern Florida; February-October in California; April-September in New Mexico.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Phyciodes-phaon less ↑

Color: Orange above with markings of fine black lines. Below, forewing has a series of postmedian and submarginal orange circles on a dark background.
Wingspan: 7/8 - 1 1/2 inches (2.2 - 3.8 cm)
Host plants: Hairy tubetongue (Siphonoglossa pilosella) in the acanthus family.
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: Many broods from April-September in the north, February-December in South Texas, all year in Mexico.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Phyciodes-graphica less ↑

Color: Males and females are very different. Male Upperside is yellow-orange; forewing has a black stigma and neighboring black square patch; black margins of hindwing are smooth inwardly. Underside is yellow-orange; hindwing has a few large blurred black spots. Female: Upperside is dark brown; forewing has a few clear spots. Underside is gray or sooty yellow with a central pale patch outlined with dark scales.
Wingspan: 1 - 1 1/2 inches (2.5 - 3.9 cm)
Host plants: Grasses including Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum), and thin paspalum (Paspalum setaceum).
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: 2 broods from April-September in the north; all year in Florida and South Texas.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Polites-vibex less ↑

Color: Wing margins are scalloped; fringe is checkered black and tan. Upperside is dark brown with 2 darker bands across each wing; forewing has a few tiny translucent dots.
Wingspan: 1 - 1 1/4 inches (2.5 - 3.2 cm)
Host plants: Lambsquarters (Chenopodium) in the goosefoot family (Chenopodiaceae), and occasionally chaff flower (Alternanthera) in the pigweed family (Amaranthaceae).
Adult food: Nectar from marigold, knotweed, spearmint, wild marjoram, cucumber, dogbane, white sweet clover, and white clover.
Overwintering stage: Third-stage caterpillars
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: 2 broods; from May-August in most of its range, April-September in Mississippi, February-December in Florida.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Staphylus-hayhurstii less ↑

Color: Upperside of male forewing yellow with wide black apex. Hindwing with black border. Female yellow or white (rare) with black borders. Both sexes with small black spot in forewing cell.
Wingspan: 1 1/4 - 1 3/4 inches (3.2 - 4.4 cm)
Host plants: Partridge pea (Cassia fasciculata) and wild sensitive plant (C. nicitans) in the pea family (Fabaceae).
Adult food: Nectar from flowers in the aster family (Asteraceae) including goldenrods and asters.
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: 4-5 flights in South Texas and the Deep South; 1-3 flights in northern part of range, from late spring to early fall.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Pyrisitia-lisa less ↑

Color: Hindwing margins are scalloped; fringes are completely dark brown. Upperside is black with 2 dark bands on each wing; forewing has a few small white dots near the apex.
Wingspan: 1 - 1 3/16 inches (2.5 - 3 cm)
Host plants: Lambsquarters (Chenopodium) in the goosefoot family (Chenopodiaceae), and amaranth (Amaranthus) in the pigweed family (Amaranthaceae).
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system:
Flight: Many flights throughout the year in South Texas.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Staphylus-mazans less ↑

Color: Tails are long. Upperside is dark blackish brown; body and wing bases are iridescent blue-green. Males have a costal fold enclosing scent scales on the leading edge of the forewing. Dark row on underside of hindwing is a complete band.
Wingspan: 1 3/4 - 2 5/16 inches (4.5 - 6 cm)
Host plants: Vine legumes including various beans (Phaseolus), hog peanuts (Amphicarpa bracteata), beggar's ticks (Desmodium), blue peas (Clitoria), and wisteria (Wisteria).
Adult food: Flower nectar from a variety of plants including bougainvillea, lantana, and shepherd's needle.
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: 2-3 broods throughout the year in south Florida and South Texas.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Urbanus-proteus less ↑

Color: One short hindwing tail. Upperside dark gray; female with blue-gray at lower half of hindwing. Underside hindwing gray with one round black spot near base of costa, postmedian row of small black dots.
Wingspan: 7/8 - 1 1/4 inches (2.2 - 3.2 cm)
Host plants: Plants in mallow family (Malvaceae) including alkali mallow (Sida hederacea) and coastal Indian mallow (Abutilon permolle); also bay cedar (Suriana maritima).
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system:
Flight: All year

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Strymon-istapa less ↑

Color: Upperside of male is brown with a few orange or red-oranges patches and a two-part black stigma (the "broken dash"). Female upperside is dark brown with pale orange spots. Underside of hindwing in both sexes is orange or red-orange and has a band of pale spots.
Wingspan: 1 - 1 3/8 inches (2.4 - 3.5 cm)
Host plants: Paspalum and St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum).
Adult food: Nectar from flowers including pickerelweed, selfheal, and sweet pepperbush.
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: 2 broods (sometimes a partial third) from April-October; all year in peninsular Florida and South Texas.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Wallengrenia-otho less ↑

Color: Outer margin of hindwing has 2 deep indentations. Upperside is orange-brown with darker olive-brown areas; forewing has a median band of transparent spots all in a row.
Wingspan: 15/16 - 1 3/8 inches (2.4 - 3.5 cm)
Host plants: Various plants in the mallow family (Malvaceae).
Overwintering stage: fully-grown caterpillars
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: February-December in South Texas.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Systasea-pulverulenta less ↑

Color: Dark brown with rows of small brownish orange spots. Underside of hindwing has a median band of two or three rows of white spots, and a red-orange marginal band.
Wingspan: 7/8 - 1 1/4 inches (2.2 - 3.2 cm)
Host plants: Hairy tubetongue (Siphonoglossa pilosella) in Texas, yellow composites in Mexico.
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: April-October

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Texola-elada less ↑

Color: Upperside forewings of both sexes have yellow "dog's head" surrounded by black. "Eye" does not touch black border. Female similar, with duller, more diffuse black areas and 2 seasonal forms: underside hindwing of wet season "summer" form is yellow; that of dry season "winter" form is mottled with black and pink.
Wingspan: 2 1/8 - 3 inches (5.4 - 7.6 cm)
Host plants: Small-leaved plants in the pea family (Fabaceae) including alfalfa (Medicago sativa); prairie clovers, indigo (Dalea), and clover (Trifolium) species.
Adult food: Nectar from flowers including alfalfa, coreopsis, houstonia, and verbena.
Overwintering stage: adults
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: 3 flights in the southern states from May-June, July-August, and September-April.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Zerene-cesonia less ↑

Color: Upperside of male is blue-gray; female is black. Both sexes have large white spots which form median bands across both wings. Fringes of male checkered but black checks often reach only halfway to edge of fringe. Male has a costal fold enclosing scent scales on the upperside of the forewing. Underside is dull white with dark gray or olive bands. Spots of the hindwing marginal row are very small; spots of the submarginal row are larger. This species is separated from the white checkered skipper with confidence only by dissection and examination of the male genitalia.
Wingspan: 1 - 1 1/2 inches (2.5 - 3.8 cm)
Host plants: Several plants in the mallow family (Malvaceae) including globemallows (Sphaeralcea), mallow (Malva), hollyhock (Althaea), alkali mallows (Sida), velvet-leaf (Abutilon), and poppy mallow (Callirhoe)
Overwintering stage: fully grown caterpillars
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: February-October in the Deep South, March-September in the north

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/search/google/Apodemia%20mormo less ↑

Color: Antennae are short. Upperside of forewing is orange with a wide, diffuse black border at the outer margin; hindwing is yellow-orange with a wide black margin. Underside of forewing is black with orange borders at the tip and leading edge; hindwing is yellow-orange.
Wingspan: 7/8 - 1 1/8 inches (2.2 - 2.9 cm)
Host plants: Various grasses including marsh millet (Zizaniopsis miliacea), rice cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides), and cultivated rice (Oryza sativa).
Adult food: Flower nectar from low growing plants such as wood sorrel, swamp verbena, pickerelweed, chickory, and white clover.
Overwintering stage: Third- and fourth-stage caterpillars
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: February-December in the Deep South and Texas; May-October in most of the range

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Ancyloxypha-numitor less ↑

Color: Upperside is chestnut brown; forewing has 2 solid brown bars in the cell, median white spots, and 2 black eyespots near the outer margin.
Wingspan: 1 1/2 - 3 inches (3.8 - 7.6 cm).
Host plants: Tree Celtis pallida in the elm family (Ulmaceae).
Overwintering stage: Third-stage caterpillars
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: All year in South Texas, April-November in Arizona.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Asterocampa-leilia less ↑

Color: Hindwing with one short and one long tail. Abdomen is blue on top, red-orange beneath. Upperside black with wide-spread iridescent blue. Underside black with iridescent gold markings near tails.
Wingspan: 1 1/4 - 2 inches (3.2 - 5.1 cm)
Host plants: Mistletoe (Phoradendron species) growing on several tree species.
Overwintering stage: chrysalis
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: March-December

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Atlides-halesus less ↑

Color: Tiny. Upperside copper brown with dull blue at the bases of both wings. Underside of hindwing is copper brown with white at the base; fringe mostly white; 3 small black spots near base; row of black spots at outer margin.
Wingspan: 1/2 - 3/4 inch (1.2 - 2 cm)
Host plants: Chenopodium album, saltbush species (Atriplex), and others in the goosefoot family (Chenopodiaceae).
Overwintering stage: chrysalis
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: July-September in the north, all year in South Texas.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Brephidium-exilis less ↑

Color: Upperside is chestnut brown with black borders and white spots, underside has black veins
Wingspan: 2 5/8 - 3 7/8 inches (6.7 - 9.8 cm)
Host plants: herb Asclepiadaceae (Milkweeds)
Overwintering stage: N/A
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: July-August

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Danaus-gilippus
Scott, 1986 The Butterflies of North America less ↑

Color: Upperside of male is bright orange with wide black borders and black veins; hindwing has a patch of scent scales. Upperside of female is orange-brown with wide black borders and blurred black veins. Both sexes have white spots on borders and apex. The Viceroy butterfly (Limenitis archippus) is a Mullerian mimic; it has similar coloration and is also distasteful.
Wingspan: 3 3/8 - 4 7/8 inches (8.6 - 12.4 cm)
Host plants: Milkweeds including common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca), swamp milkweed (A. incarnata), and showy milkweed (A. speciosa); and milkweed vine in the tropics.
Adult food: Nectar from all milkweeds. Early in the season before milkweeds bloom, Monarchs visit a variety of flowers including dogbane, lilac, red clover, lantana, and thistles. In the fall adults visit composites including goldenrods, blazing stars, ironweed, and tickseed sunflower.
Overwintering stage: Adults make massive migrations from August-October
Mate-Location system:
Flight: In North America during spring and summer there may be 1-3 broods in the north and 4-6 broods in the south. May breed all year in Florida, South Texas, and southeastern California.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Danaus-plexippus less ↑

Color: One narrow tail on hindwing. Upperside of male iridescent blue; summer females uniformly brown, spring females smaller with much blue at the wing bases. Underside of hindwing pale gray with black bar at end of cell, distinct black spots, and three large orange spots at outer margin near tail.
Wingspan: 7/8 - 1 1/8 inches (2.2 - 2.9 cm)
Host plants: Many plants in the pea family including yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis), alfalfa (Medicago sativa); various species of vetch (Vicia), clover (Trifolium), wild pea (Lathyrus), and bush clover (Lespedeza); and others.
Adulot food: white sweet clover, shepherd's needle, wild strawberry, winter cress, cinquefoils, asters, and others.
Overwintering stage: caterpillars
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: 3 broods from April-November in the north, many broods from February-November in the south.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Cupido-comyntas less ↑

Color: Quite variable. Upperside of male yellow with orange overlay, yellow veins, wide black border, and dark black cell spot. Female yellow or white with irregular black border surrounding light spots. Underside hindwing spot silver with 2 concentric dark rings, and a spot above it.
Wingspan: 1 3/8 - 2 3/4 inches (3.5 - 7 cm)
Host plants: pea family (Fabaceae) including alfalfa (Medicago sativa), white clover (Trifolium repens), and white sweet clover (Melilotus alba)
Overwintering stage: chrysalis
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: 2-3 flights in the north from June-October, 4-5 in the south from March-November.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Colias-eurytheme less ↑

Color: Upperside of head and thorax is yellow-orange. Wings are brown-black; male forewing has a black stigma, female forewing has very small cloudy white spots.
Wingspan: 1 1/8 - 1 3/8 inches (2.9 - 3.5 cm)
Host plants: Various sedges including chufa flatsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and sun sedge (Carex heliophila).
Adult food: Nectar from white, pink, or purple flowers including common milkweed, purple vetch, selfheal, peppermint, dogbane, New Jersey tea, and viper's bugloss.
Overwintering stage: Third-stage caterpillars
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: June-early August in the north; May-September in the mid-South; March-October in the Deep South and Texas

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Euphyes-vestris less ↑

Color: Upperside of male light blue with darker veins and dusky border; female darker. Underside of forewing with postmedian row of 5 round black spots circled with white.
Wingspan: 3/4 - 1 1/8 inches (2 - 2.9 cm)
Host plants: pea family (Fabaceae) including yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis), rattleweed (Astragalus), mesquite (Prosopis), indigo bush (Dalea), mimosa (Albizia), and indigo (Indigofera) species.
Adult food: Flower nectar from a variety of herbs including spearmint and white sweet clover.
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: 3 broods from March-November everywhere in its range (except South TX); migrates north once each year after hibernating in the south.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Echinargus-isola less ↑

Color: Upperside tawny orange with thick dark veins and markings; black spots near margin. Hindwing margin angled and slightly scalloped. Underside of hindwing with a mottled pattern and no silver spots.
Wingspan: 1 3/4 - 3 1/8 inches (4.5 - 8 cm)
Host plants: maypops (Passiflora incarnata), may apple (Podophyllum peltata), violets (Viola), purslane (Portulaca), stonecrop (Sedum), and moonseed (Menispermum)
Adult food: Nectar from several plant species including butterflyweed, common milkweed, dogbane, peppermint, red clover, swamp milkweed, and tickseed sunflower
Overwintering stage: overwinters only in the south; flies north each spring and summer
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: 3 broods from April-October in the north, four broods from February or March-November or December in the south.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Euptoieta-claudia
Scott, 1986 The Butterflies of North America less ↑

Color: Upperside is brown. Forewing with 2 orange cell bars and 2 eyespots; part of white subapical band appears in the largest, lower eyespot. Hindwing has 2 eyespots; upper one is largest and contains a magenta crescent. Underside of hindwing is brown or tan in the wet season (summer) form and rose-red in the dry season (fall) form.
Wingspan: 1 5/8 - 2 3/4 inches (4.2 - 7 cm)
Host plants: Plants from the snapdragon family including snapdragon (Antirrhinum) and toadflax (Linaria); the plantain family including plantains (Plantago); and the acanthus family including ruellia (Ruellia nodiflora).
Overwintering stage: caterpillars and adults overwinter but only in the south
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: May-October, except in the Deep south

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Junonia-coenia less ↑

Color: Upperside blue; male with purple tinge, female with no white. Underside of forewing with unbroken pale brown bands from costa to inner margin.
Wingspan: 7/8 - 1 1/8 inches (2.2 - 2.9 cm)
Host plants: Leadwort (Plumbago) and many legumes including alfalfa (Medicago sativa), milkvetch (Astragalus), and mesquite (Prosopis).
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: April-September in the north, all through the year in S. Texas and S. California.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Leptotes-marina less ↑

Color: Upperside is gray-brown; forewing has 3-5 small transparent spots; male has no stigma. Underside of hindwing is brown with heavy gray overscaling, only rarely with faint spots.
Wingspan: 1 - 1 1/4 inches (2.5 - 3.2 cm)
Host plants: Various grasses including Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense), Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum).
Adult food: Nectar from flowers including croton, alfalfa, composites, lippia, and others.
Overwintering stage:
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: February-October in the Deep South; throughout the year in Florida, South Texas, and Arizona.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Lerodea-eufala less ↑

Color: Upperside is orange and black, resembling the Monarch (Danaus plexippus), except the Viceroy has a black line across the hindwing and a single row of white dots in the black marginal band. Where Monarchs are rare in Florida, Georgia, and the Southwest, Viceroys are brown instead of orange and mimic the Queen (Danaus gilippus).
Wingspan: 2 1/2 - 3 3/8 inches (6.3 - 8.6 cm)
Host plants: Trees in the willow family (Salicaceae) including willows (Salix), and poplars and cottonwoods (Populus).
Adult food: Early in season - aphid honeydew, carrion, dung, and decaying fungi. Later generations feed more often at flowers, favoring composites including aster, goldenrod, joe-pye weed, shepherd's needle, and Canada thistle.
Overwintering stage: third stage caterpillar
Mate-Location system: perching and patrolling
Flight: 2-3 broods from May-September in most of its range

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Limenitis-archippus less ↑

Color: Upper surface of male forewing with narrow black stripes. Each hindwing has 2 tails.
Wingspan: 3 1/2 - 5 inches (9 - 12.7 cm)
Host plants: Leaves of ash (Fraxinus), hop tree (Ptelea), and chokecherry (Prunus).
Adult food: Nectar from thistles, milkweeds, California buckeye, lilac, and many others.
Overwintering stage: chrysalis
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: May - mid-August in the North; most of the year in the South

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Papilio-multicaudata less ↑

Color: Male is yellow with dark tiger stripes. Female has 2 forms: one yellow like the male and the other black with shadows of dark stripes. Hindwing of both female forms has a row of striking blue chevrons and an iridescent blue wash over parts of the interior hindwing. The upperside hindwing has a prominent orange marginal spot that is generally larger than the row of pale marginal spots. On the underside of forewing of spring individuals the row of marginal spots may be merged into a continuous band, thus appearing similar to the Canadian Tiger Swallowtail.
Wingspan: 2 1/2 - 4 1/2 inches (6.2 - 11.4 cm)
Host plants: Leaves of various plants including wild cherry (Prunus), sweetbay (Magnolia), basswood (Tilia), tulip tree (Liriodendron), birch (Betula), ash (Fraxinus), cottonwood (Populus), mountain ash (Sorbus), and willow (Salix).
Adult food: Nectar of flowers from a variety of plants including wild cherry and lilac (Syringa vulgaris). Milkweed (Asclepias) and Joe-Pye Weed [Eupatorium] are favorites in summer.
Overwintering stage: chrysalis
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: May-September in north; February-November in Deep South

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Papilio-glaucus less ↑

Color: Upper surface of wings mostly black; on inner edge of hindwing is a black spot centered in larger orange spot. Male has yellow band near edge of wings; female has row of yellow spots. Female hindwing with iridescent blue band. In the Southwest, yellow forms predominate in the subspecies P. coloro.
Wingspan: 3 1/4 - 4 1/4 inches (8 - 11 cm)
Host plants: Leaves of plants in the parsley family (Apiaceae) including Queen Anne's Lace, carrot, celery and dill. Sometimes plants in the citrus family (Rutaceae).
Adult food: Nectar from flowers including red clover, milkweed, and thistles.
Overwintering stage: chrysalis
Mate-Location system: perching and patrolling
Flight: 1-2 flights from April-October in northern regions of range; 3 flights in southern regions.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Papilio-polyxenes less ↑

Color: Quite variable. Males usually have black antennal knobs. Upperside is orange with black borders; postmedian and submarginal areas are crossed by fine black marks. Underside of hindwing has a dark marginal patch containing a light-colored crescent. Spring and fall broods (form marcia) have a gray mottled hindwing below.
Wingspan: 1 1/4 - 1 3/4 inches (3.2 - 4.5 cm)
Host plants: Several species of smooth-leaved true asters including Aster pilosus, A. texanus, and A. laevis.
Adult food: Nectar from a great variety of flowers including dogbane, swamp milkweed, shepherd's needle, asters, and winter cress.
Overwintering stage: third-stage caterpillars
Mate-Location system: patrolling
Flight: April-November in the north, throughout the year in the Deep South and Mexico

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Phyciodes-tharos less ↑

Color: Upperside of male forewing has black checkered pattern on outer half. Female is more heavily patterned, but markings are more brown and diffuse. Hindwing of both male and female white. Underside of male hindwing with pale checkered pattern. Underside of female with yellow-tan markings on hindwing and tip of forewing. Short-day form has underside hindwing veins with heavy gray-green outlines.
Host plants: Mustard Family (Brassicaceae); Rocky Mountain bee-plant (Cleome serrulata)
Overwintering stage: Chrysalis
Mate-Location system: Patrolling
Flight: March-November
Wing Span: 1 1/2 - 2 1/2 inches (3.8 - 6.3 cm).
Conservation: Not required.
NCGR: G4 - Apparently secure globally, though it might be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Pontia-protodice less ↑

Color: Hindwing has 1 long and 1 short tail. Upperside of both sexes dark brown. Underside of hindwing dark brown with postmedian band of dark dashes edged in white. Blue tail-spot not topped with orange.
Wingspan: 1 - 1 1/2 inches (2.5 - 3.8 cm)
Host plants: Many species of oak (Quercus), walnut (Juglans), and hickory (Carya).
Adult food: Nectar from flowers including dogbane and common milkweed (preferred), chinquapin, small-flowered dogwood, New Jersey tea, meadowsweet, staghorn sumac, white sweet clover, and yarrow.
Overwintering stage: eggs
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: June-August in the north

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Satyrium-calanus less ↑

Color: Forewing hooked; upperside is red-orange with black spots. Upperside hindwing of summer form is mostly black with a short tail; that of winter form has much orange and a longer, violet-tipped tail. Underside is light brown; hindwing with pearly white question mark in center.
Wingspan: 2 1/4 - 3 inches (5.7 - 7.6 cm)
Host plants: American elm (Ulmus americanus), red elm (Ulmus rubra), hackberry (Celtis), Japanese hop (Humulus japonicus), nettles (Urtica), and false nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica).
Overwintering stage: adults
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: May-September

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Polygonia-interrogationis less ↑

Color: Upperside is black with white spots near the apex; forewing with red median band, hindwing with red marginal band. The winter form is smaller and duller, summer form larger and brighter with an interrupted forewing band.
Wingspan: 1 3/4 - 3 inches (4.5 - 7.6 cm)
Host plants: Nettle (Urticaceae); Mulberry (Moraceae)
Overwintering stage: adult
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: Two broods from March-October in the north, winters from October-March in South Texas

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Vanessa-atalanta
Scott, 1986 The Butterflies of North America less ↑

Color: Upperside with uneven brown, yellow, and orange pattern. Forewing with a black apical patch, a small white spot in the orange field below the patch, and a white bar at the leading edge of the forewing. Underside of hindwing with two large eyespots. Winter form is smaller and paler, summer form larger with brighter coloring.
Wingspan: 1 3/4 - 2 5/8 inches (4.5 - 6.7 cm)
Host plants: Plants in the sunflower family everlasting (Gnaphalium obtusifolium), pearly everlasting (Anaphalis margaritacea), plantain-leaved pussy toes (Antennaria plantaginifolia), wormwood (Artemisia), ironweed (Vernonia), and burdock (Arctium).
Overwintering stage: adults
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: May-November; all year in the Deep South and South Texas

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Vanessa-virginiensis less ↑

Color: One tail on hindwing. Upperside blue-gray with large red spot near tail. Underside of spring/fall form is dark gray, summer form is paler gray. Relatively straight postmedian line is white, bordered with orange on the inside edge.
Wingspan: 7/8 - 1 3/8 inches (2.2 - 3.5 cm)
Host plants: pea (Fabaceae) and mallow (Malvaceae) families including beans (Phaseolus), clovers (Trifolium), cotton (Gossypium), and mallow (Malva)
Adult food: Nectar from many flower species including dogbane, milkweed, mint, winter cress, goldenrod, tick trefoil, and white sweet clover.
Overwintering stage: chrysalis
Mate-Location system: perching
Flight: 2 flights from May-September in the north, 3-4 flights from February-November in the south.

https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Strymon-melinus less ↑