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Flowering plants for Apis mellifera adansonii/scutellata (African bee) in Senegal, West Africa

This is a pilot of hopefully a larger project spearheaded by Megan Wannarka, an independent researcher and beekeeper based in Minnesota, United States. Her past work as a Peace Corps volunteer in West Africa allowed her to work first hand with farmers there to better understand their needs for appropriate technologies. For example, a simple plant identification manual for beekeepers, farmers and stake holders to understand which plants are beneficial for honey bees in the region.

12 languages are spoken throughout Senegal, creating a small hand held spiral bound laminated identification manual showing with examples of the bloom, seeds and fruit along with symbols identifying if the plant is a nectar, pollen or propolis source.

This guide is to be used by partners on the ground in Senegal (and possibly surrounding countries) to capture local names of plants. Capturing the local common names in as many languages as possible increases the usage of a printed document in the hands of locals.

Background of plant list: Through literature review and research documenting nectar, pollen, and propolis sources from world sources (i.e. Eva Crane) to location specific plants, trees and shrubs. If given bloom calendar information was provided also documented. Ongoing research into this topic of plant sources of honey, pollen, propolis, and honeydew for bees is important to educate public, farmers, and government in conserve, create and increase honey bee habitat. Through identification, seeds can be saved, cuttings taken and education on how to best propagate for location specific uses. Partnering with INaturalist allows local common names and bloom calendar to be captured and will vary based on region, usage and language needs to be taken into consideration.

Conversations have been had with Smithsonian's Encyclopedia of Life website and Peace Corps as well as Trees for the Future for further partnerships and funding. Further questions can be sent to Megan Wannarka at m.wannarka@gmail.com less ↑

Whistling Thorn ⁴
Acacia drepanolobium

catclaw acacia ⁵
Senegalia greggii

candelabra wattle ⁶
Acacia holosericea

Acacia gourmaensis ⁷

Guajillo ⁸
Acacia berlandieri

Hook-thorn ⁹
Acacia caffra

Senegalia brevispica dregeana
Acacia pennata

American century plant ¹⁹
Agave americana

Woman's Tongue ²⁰
Albizia lebbeck

quiver tree ²¹
Aloe dichotoma

Whitebrush ²²
Aloysia gratissima

cashew ²³
Anacardium occidentale

wild custard-apple ²⁴
Annona senegalensis

Coral Bells ²⁵
Antigonon leptopus

Nim ²⁶
Azadirachta indica

wild-mango ¹⁵
Cordyla africana

Bombax costatum ²⁷

Shea Tree ⁷
Vitellaria paradoxa

cabbages and allies ²⁸
Brassica

divi divi ⁶
Caesalpinia coriaria

Pigeon Pea ²⁹
Cajanus cajan

Papaya ³⁰
Carica papaya

saguaro ³¹
Carnegiea gigantea

Kassod Tree ³²
Senna siamea

Kapok Tree ³³
Ceiba pentandra

Yellow Starthistle ³⁴
Centaurea solstitialis

citrus fruits ³⁵
citrus

Green Buttonwood
Conocarpus erectus

coriander ³⁶
Coriandrum sativum

Croton megalocarpus ³⁷

African-blackwood ⁷
Dalbergia melanoxylon

Indian Rosewood ³⁸
Dalbergia sissoo

Flamboyant ³⁹
Delonix regia

Detarium senegalense ⁴⁰

Dialium englerianum

aroma ²⁴
Dichrostachys cinerea

jackalberry ⁴¹
Diospyros mespiliformis

American persimmon ⁴²
Diospyros virginiana

Dombeya ⁴³

purple coneflower ⁴⁴
Echinacea purpurea

Purple viper's-bugloss ⁴⁵
Echium plantagineum

Photinia japonica

African Blackwood ⁴⁶
Erythrophleum africanum

Rose-apple ⁴⁷
Syzygium jambos

hyssopleaf thoroughwort ⁴⁸
Eupatorium hyssopifolium

East Indian fig tree ⁴⁹
Ficus benghalensis

Gardenia aqualla ⁵⁰

powderbark gardenia ¹⁵
Gardenia ternifolia

yellow jessamine ⁵¹
Gelsemium sempervirens

Fence Post Tree ⁵²
Gliricidia sepium

honey locust ⁵³
Gleditsia triacanthos

Soybean ⁵⁴
Glycine max

Gmelina arborea ³²

Gouania lupuloides ⁵⁵

Silky-oak ⁵⁶
Grevillea robusta

Guazuma ulmifolia ²⁰

Guiera senegalensis ⁵⁷

French Honeysuckle ⁵⁸
Hedysarum coronarium

Common sunflower ⁵⁹
Helianthus annuus

rubber tree ⁶
Hevea brasiliensis

gallberry ⁶⁰
Ilex glabra

Inga vera ⁵⁵

sweet potato ⁶¹
Ipomoea batatas

Convolvulus nodiflorus ⁶²

Julbernardia paniculata ¹⁷

African mahogany ⁶³
Khaya senegalensis

Carolina Redroot ⁶⁴
Lachnanthes caroliniana

Crape-myrtle ⁴³
Lagerstroemia indica

White Mangrove ⁶⁵
Laguncularia racemosa

henbit deadnettle ⁶⁶
Lamium amplexicaule

Lepidagathis cuspidata

shrub lespedeza ⁶⁷
Lespedeza bicolor

Thunberg's lespedeza ⁶⁸
Lespedeza thunbergii

White leadtree ⁴⁷
Leucaena leucocephala

Chinese privet ⁵¹
Ligustrum sinense

tulip tree ⁶⁹
Liriodendron tulipifera

Lychee ⁷⁰
Litchi chinensis

Winter honeysuckle ⁷¹
Lonicera fragrantissima

bird's-foot trefoil ⁷²
Lotus corniculatus

Luffas ⁷³
luffa

Wild Tamarind ⁷⁴
Lysiloma latisiliqua

Madhuca longifolia latifolia
Madhuca indica

Maerua crassifolia

Edited by Megan W., some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)

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Flowering plants for Apis mellifera adansonii/scutellata (African bee) in Senegal, West Africa

Whistling Thorn 4 Acacia drepanolobium

catclaw acacia 5 Senegalia greggii

candelabra wattle 6 Acacia holosericea

Guajillo 8 Acacia berlandieri

Hook-thorn 9 Acacia caffra

Senegalia brevispica dregeana Acacia pennata

American century plant 19 Agave americana

Woman's Tongue 20 Albizia lebbeck

quiver tree 21 Aloe dichotoma

Whitebrush 22 Aloysia gratissima

cashew 23 Anacardium occidentale

wild custard-apple 24 Annona senegalensis

Coral Bells 25 Antigonon leptopus

Nim 26 Azadirachta indica

wild-mango 15 Cordyla africana

Shea Tree 7 Vitellaria paradoxa

cabbages and allies 28 Brassica

divi divi 6 Caesalpinia coriaria

Pigeon Pea 29 Cajanus cajan

Papaya 30 Carica papaya

saguaro 31 Carnegiea gigantea

Kassod Tree 32 Senna siamea

Kapok Tree 33 Ceiba pentandra

Yellow Starthistle 34 Centaurea solstitialis

citrus fruits 35 citrus

Green Buttonwood Conocarpus erectus

coriander 36 Coriandrum sativum

African-blackwood 7 Dalbergia melanoxylon

Indian Rosewood 38 Dalbergia sissoo

Flamboyant 39 Delonix regia

aroma 24 Dichrostachys cinerea

jackalberry 41 Diospyros mespiliformis

American persimmon 42 Diospyros virginiana

purple coneflower 44 Echinacea purpurea

Purple viper's-bugloss 45 Echium plantagineum

African Blackwood 46 Erythrophleum africanum

Rose-apple 47 Syzygium jambos

hyssopleaf thoroughwort 48 Eupatorium hyssopifolium

East Indian fig tree 49 Ficus benghalensis

powderbark gardenia 15 Gardenia ternifolia

yellow jessamine 51 Gelsemium sempervirens

Fence Post Tree 52 Gliricidia sepium

honey locust 53 Gleditsia triacanthos

Soybean 54 Glycine max

Silky-oak 56 Grevillea robusta

French Honeysuckle 58 Hedysarum coronarium

Common sunflower 59 Helianthus annuus

rubber tree 6 Hevea brasiliensis

gallberry 60 Ilex glabra

sweet potato 61 Ipomoea batatas

African mahogany 63 Khaya senegalensis

Carolina Redroot 64 Lachnanthes caroliniana

Crape-myrtle 43 Lagerstroemia indica

White Mangrove 65 Laguncularia racemosa

henbit deadnettle 66 Lamium amplexicaule

shrub lespedeza 67 Lespedeza bicolor

Thunberg's lespedeza 68 Lespedeza thunbergii

White leadtree 47 Leucaena leucocephala

Chinese privet 51 Ligustrum sinense

tulip tree 69 Liriodendron tulipifera

Lychee 70 Litchi chinensis

Winter honeysuckle 71 Lonicera fragrantissima

bird's-foot trefoil 72 Lotus corniculatus

Luffas 73 luffa

Wild Tamarind 74 Lysiloma latisiliqua

Madhuca longifolia latifolia Madhuca indica