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Flowering plants for Apis mellifera adansonii/scutellata (African bee) in Senegal, West Africa

This is a pilot of hopefully a larger project spearheaded by Megan Wannarka, an independent researcher and beekeeper based in Minnesota, United States. Her past work as a Peace Corps volunteer in West Africa allowed her to work first hand with farmers there to better understand their needs for appropriate technologies. For example, a simple plant identification manual for beekeepers, farmers and stake holders to understand which plants are beneficial for honey bees in the region.

12 languages are spoken throughout Senegal, creating a small hand held spiral bound laminated identification manual showing with examples of the bloom, seeds and fruit along with symbols identifying if the plant is a nectar, pollen or propolis source.

This guide is to be used by partners on the ground in Senegal (and possibly surrounding countries) to capture local names of plants. Capturing the local common names in as many languages as possible increases the usage of a printed document in the hands of locals.

Background of plant list: Through literature review and research documenting nectar, pollen, and propolis sources from world sources (i.e. Eva Crane) to location specific plants, trees and shrubs. If given bloom calendar information was provided also documented. Ongoing research into this topic of plant sources of honey, pollen, propolis, and honeydew for bees is important to educate public, farmers, and government in conserve, create and increase honey bee habitat. Through identification, seeds can be saved, cuttings taken and education on how to best propagate for location specific uses. Partnering with INaturalist allows local common names and bloom calendar to be captured and will vary based on region, usage and language needs to be taken into consideration.

Conversations have been had with Smithsonian's Encyclopedia of Life website and Peace Corps as well as Trees for the Future for further partnerships and funding. Further questions can be sent to Megan Wannarka at m.wannarka@gmail.com less ↑

Algerita
Mahonia trifoliata

apples ¹
malus

Indian Mango ²
Mangifera indica

Sapodilla ³
Manilkara zapota

alfalfa ⁴
Medicago sativa

Mimosa domingensis

Mitragyna inermis ⁵

Scarlet Beebalm ⁶
Monarda didyma

Moringa oleifera ⁷

Heavenly bamboo ⁸
Nandina domestica

Black Tupelo ⁹
Nyssa sylvatica

African olive ⁷
Olea europaea cuspidata

Sainfoin ¹⁰
Onobrychis viciifolia

Texas prickly-pear ¹¹
Opuntia engelmannii

sourwood ¹²
Oxydendrum arboreum

Jerusalem Thorn ¹³
Paliurus spina-christi

Guinea Plum ¹⁴
Parinari excelsa

African locust bean ¹⁵
Parkia biglobosa

Mexican palo verde ¹⁶
Parkinsonia aculeata

blue palo verde ¹⁷
Cercidium floridum

Indian Beech Tree ¹⁸
Pongamia pinnata

fall phlox
Phlox paniculata

camels-foot monkeybread ¹⁹
Bauhinia thonningii

Blackbead ²⁰
Pithecellobium dulce

Isodon rugosus

Prosopis africana ⁵

Chilean Mesquite
Prosopis chilensis

Prosopis cineraria

Mesquite ²¹
Prosopis juliflora

American carob ²²
Prosopis pallida

Prosopis

Pterocarpus erinaceus ²³

Hoary Mountainmint ²⁴
Pycnanthemum incanum

Meadowbeauties ²⁵
rhexia

red mangrove ²⁶
Rhizophora mangle

Catawba Rhododendron ²⁷
Rhododendron catawbiense

shining sumac ²⁸
Rhus copallinum

Turbina corymbosa ²⁹

black locust ³⁰
Robinia pseudoacacia

sawtooth blackberry ²²
Rubus argutus

Senegal saba
Saba senegalensis

cabbage palmetto ³¹
Sabal palmetto

Pineapple Sage ³²
Salvia elegans

Mexican Bush Sage ³²
Salvia leucantha

Sapindus mukorossi

Chinese Tallow ³³
Triadica sebifera

Schefflera ³⁴
schefflera

Brazilian pepper tree ³⁵
Schinus terebinthifolius

Sesamum indicum ¹⁸

Sesbania bispinosa ³⁶

bigpod sesbania ³⁷
Sesbania herbacea

cup plant ³⁸
Silphium perfoliatum

goldenrods ⁴
Solidago

Euphorbia umbellata ³⁹

Java plum ⁴⁰
Syzygium cumini

Tamarind ⁴¹
Tamarindus indica

American germander ⁴⁴
Teucrium canadense

Spanish Oregano ⁴⁵
Thymus capitatus

Mexican Sunflower ⁴⁶
Tithonia rotundifolia

Egyptian clover
Trifolium alexandrinum

crimson clover ⁴⁷
Trifolium incarnatum

red clover ⁴⁸
Trifolium pratense

white clover ⁴⁹
Trifolium repens

mayberry ⁵⁰
Vaccinium elliottii

purpletop vervain ⁵¹
Verbena bonariensis

Lilac chaste tree ⁵²
Vitex agnus-castus

Vitex doniana ¹⁹

Golden-Eye ⁵³
Viguiera dentata

Chinese Apple ⁵⁴
Ziziphus mauritiana

buffalo-thorn ⁵⁵
Ziziphus mucronata

Ziziphus nummularia ⁵⁶

Ziziphus spina-christi ⁵⁷

Tamarisks ⁵⁸
tamarix

Breadfruit ⁵⁹
Artocarpus altilis

Jackfruit ⁶⁰
Artocarpus heterophyllus

Orange ⁶¹
Citrus sinensis

coconut palm ⁶²
Cocos nucifera

Avocado ³⁹
Persea americana

Common guava ⁶³
Psidium guajava

marula ⁶⁴
Sclerocarya birrea

yellow mombin ²³
Spondias mombin

Sea Almond ⁶⁵
Terminalia catappa

Hog plum ⁶⁶
Ximenia americana

Cocoplum ⁶⁵
Chrysobalanus icaco

Edited by Megan W., some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)

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Flowering plants for Apis mellifera adansonii/scutellata (African bee) in Senegal, West Africa

Algerita Mahonia trifoliata

apples 1 malus

Indian Mango 2 Mangifera indica

Sapodilla 3 Manilkara zapota

alfalfa 4 Medicago sativa

Scarlet Beebalm 6 Monarda didyma

Heavenly bamboo 8 Nandina domestica

Black Tupelo 9 Nyssa sylvatica

African olive 7 Olea europaea cuspidata

Sainfoin 10 Onobrychis viciifolia

Texas prickly-pear 11 Opuntia engelmannii

sourwood 12 Oxydendrum arboreum

Jerusalem Thorn 13 Paliurus spina-christi

Guinea Plum 14 Parinari excelsa

African locust bean 15 Parkia biglobosa

Mexican palo verde 16 Parkinsonia aculeata

blue palo verde 17 Cercidium floridum

Indian Beech Tree 18 Pongamia pinnata

fall phlox Phlox paniculata

camels-foot monkeybread 19 Bauhinia thonningii

Blackbead 20 Pithecellobium dulce

Chilean Mesquite Prosopis chilensis

Mesquite 21 Prosopis juliflora

American carob 22 Prosopis pallida

Hoary Mountainmint 24 Pycnanthemum incanum

Meadowbeauties 25 rhexia

red mangrove 26 Rhizophora mangle

Catawba Rhododendron 27 Rhododendron catawbiense

shining sumac 28 Rhus copallinum

black locust 30 Robinia pseudoacacia

sawtooth blackberry 22 Rubus argutus

Senegal saba Saba senegalensis

cabbage palmetto 31 Sabal palmetto

Pineapple Sage 32 Salvia elegans

Mexican Bush Sage 32 Salvia leucantha

Chinese Tallow 33 Triadica sebifera

Schefflera 34 schefflera

Brazilian pepper tree 35 Schinus terebinthifolius

bigpod sesbania 37 Sesbania herbacea

cup plant 38 Silphium perfoliatum

goldenrods 4 Solidago

Java plum 40 Syzygium cumini

Tamarind 41 Tamarindus indica

American germander 44 Teucrium canadense

Spanish Oregano 45 Thymus capitatus

Mexican Sunflower 46 Tithonia rotundifolia

Egyptian clover Trifolium alexandrinum

crimson clover 47 Trifolium incarnatum

red clover 48 Trifolium pratense

white clover 49 Trifolium repens

mayberry 50 Vaccinium elliottii

purpletop vervain 51 Verbena bonariensis

Lilac chaste tree 52 Vitex agnus-castus

Golden-Eye 53 Viguiera dentata

Chinese Apple 54 Ziziphus mauritiana

buffalo-thorn 55 Ziziphus mucronata

Tamarisks 58 tamarix

Breadfruit 59 Artocarpus altilis

Jackfruit 60 Artocarpus heterophyllus

Orange 61 Citrus sinensis

coconut palm 62 Cocos nucifera

Avocado 39 Persea americana

Common guava 63 Psidium guajava

marula 64 Sclerocarya birrea

yellow mombin 23 Spondias mombin

Sea Almond 65 Terminalia catappa

Hog plum 66 Ximenia americana

Cocoplum 65 Chrysobalanus icaco