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Flowering plants for Apis mellifera adansonii/scutellata (African bee) in Senegal, West Africa

This is a pilot of hopefully a larger project spearheaded by Megan Wannarka, an independent researcher and beekeeper based in Minnesota, United States. Her past work as a Peace Corps volunteer in West Africa allowed her to work first hand with farmers there to better understand their needs for appropriate technologies. For example, a simple plant identification manual for beekeepers, farmers and stake holders to understand which plants are beneficial for honey bees in the region.

12 languages are spoken throughout Senegal, creating a small hand held spiral bound laminated identification manual showing with examples of the bloom, seeds and fruit along with symbols identifying if the plant is a nectar, pollen or propolis source.

This guide is to be used by partners on the ground in Senegal (and possibly surrounding countries) to capture local names of plants. Capturing the local common names in as many languages as possible increases the usage of a printed document in the hands of locals.

Background of plant list: Through literature review and research documenting nectar, pollen, and propolis sources from world sources (i.e. Eva Crane) to location specific plants, trees and shrubs. If given bloom calendar information was provided also documented. Ongoing research into this topic of plant sources of honey, pollen, propolis, and honeydew for bees is important to educate public, farmers, and government in conserve, create and increase honey bee habitat. Through identification, seeds can be saved, cuttings taken and education on how to best propagate for location specific uses. Partnering with INaturalist allows local common names and bloom calendar to be captured and will vary based on region, usage and language needs to be taken into consideration.

Conversations have been had with Smithsonian's Encyclopedia of Life website and Peace Corps as well as Trees for the Future for further partnerships and funding. Further questions can be sent to Megan Wannarka at m.wannarka@gmail.com less ↑

Sapodilla ¹
Manilkara zapota

alfalfa ²
Medicago sativa

Mimosa domingensis

Mitragyna inermis ³

Scarlet Beebalm ⁴
Monarda didyma

Moringa oleifera ⁵

Heavenly bamboo ⁶
Nandina domestica

Black Tupelo ⁷
Nyssa sylvatica

African olive ⁵
Olea europaea cuspidata

Sainfoin ⁸
Onobrychis viciifolia

Texas prickly-pear ⁹
Opuntia engelmannii

sourwood ¹⁰
Oxydendrum arboreum

Jerusalem Thorn ¹¹
Paliurus spina-christi

Guinea Plum ¹²
Parinari excelsa

African locust bean ¹³
Parkia biglobosa

Mexican palo verde ¹⁴
Parkinsonia aculeata

blue palo verde ¹⁵
Cercidium floridum

Indian Beech Tree ¹⁶
Pongamia pinnata

fall phlox
Phlox paniculata

camels-foot monkeybread ¹⁷
Bauhinia thonningii

Blackbead ¹⁸
Pithecellobium dulce

Isodon rugosus

Prosopis africana ³

Chilean Mesquite
Prosopis chilensis

Prosopis cineraria

Mesquite ¹⁹
Prosopis juliflora

American carob ²⁰
Prosopis pallida

Pterocarpus erinaceus ²¹

Hoary Mountainmint ²²
Pycnanthemum incanum

Meadowbeauties ²³
rhexia

red mangrove ²⁴
Rhizophora mangle

Catawba Rhododendron ²⁵
Rhododendron catawbiense

shining sumac ²⁶
Rhus copallinum

Turbina corymbosa ²⁷

black locust ²⁸
Robinia pseudoacacia

sawtooth blackberry ²⁰
Rubus argutus

Senegal saba
Saba senegalensis

Pineapple Sage ²⁹
Salvia elegans

Mexican Bush Sage ²⁹
Salvia leucantha

Sapindus mukorossi

Chinese Tallow ³⁰
Triadica sebifera

Schefflera ³¹
schefflera

Brazilian pepper tree ³²
Schinus terebinthifolius

Sesamum indicum ¹⁶

Sesbania bispinosa ³³

bigpod sesbania ³⁴
Sesbania herbacea

cup plant ³⁵
Silphium perfoliatum

goldenrods ²
Solidago

Euphorbia umbellata ³⁶

Java plum ³⁷
Syzygium cumini

Tamarind ³⁸
Tamarindus indica

American germander ⁴¹
Teucrium canadense

Spanish Oregano ⁴²
Thymus capitatus

Mexican Sunflower ⁴³
Tithonia rotundifolia

Egyptian clover
Trifolium alexandrinum

crimson clover ⁴⁴
Trifolium incarnatum

red clover ⁴⁵
Trifolium pratense

white clover ⁴⁶
Trifolium repens

mayberry ⁴⁷
Vaccinium elliottii

purpletop vervain ⁴⁸
Verbena bonariensis

Lilac chaste tree ⁴⁹
Vitex agnus-castus

Vitex doniana ¹⁷

Golden-Eye ⁵⁰
Viguiera dentata

Chinese Apple ⁵¹
Ziziphus mauritiana

buffalo-thorn ⁵²
Ziziphus mucronata

Ziziphus nummularia ⁵³

Ziziphus spina-christi ⁵⁴

Tamarisks ⁵⁵
tamarix

Breadfruit ⁵⁶
Artocarpus altilis

Jackfruit ⁵⁷
Artocarpus heterophyllus

Orange ⁵⁸
Citrus sinensis

Avocado ³⁶
Persea americana

Common guava ⁵⁹
Psidium guajava

marula ⁶⁰
Sclerocarya birrea

yellow mombin ²¹
Spondias mombin

Sea Almond ⁶¹
Terminalia catappa

Hog plum ⁶²
Ximenia americana

Cocoplum ⁶¹
Chrysobalanus icaco

Edited by Megan W., some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)

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Flowering plants for Apis mellifera adansonii/scutellata (African bee) in Senegal, West Africa

Sapodilla 1 Manilkara zapota

alfalfa 2 Medicago sativa

Scarlet Beebalm 4 Monarda didyma

Heavenly bamboo 6 Nandina domestica

Black Tupelo 7 Nyssa sylvatica

African olive 5 Olea europaea cuspidata

Sainfoin 8 Onobrychis viciifolia

Texas prickly-pear 9 Opuntia engelmannii

sourwood 10 Oxydendrum arboreum

Jerusalem Thorn 11 Paliurus spina-christi

Guinea Plum 12 Parinari excelsa

African locust bean 13 Parkia biglobosa

Mexican palo verde 14 Parkinsonia aculeata

blue palo verde 15 Cercidium floridum

Indian Beech Tree 16 Pongamia pinnata

fall phlox Phlox paniculata

camels-foot monkeybread 17 Bauhinia thonningii

Blackbead 18 Pithecellobium dulce

Chilean Mesquite Prosopis chilensis

Mesquite 19 Prosopis juliflora

American carob 20 Prosopis pallida

Hoary Mountainmint 22 Pycnanthemum incanum

Meadowbeauties 23 rhexia

red mangrove 24 Rhizophora mangle

Catawba Rhododendron 25 Rhododendron catawbiense

shining sumac 26 Rhus copallinum

black locust 28 Robinia pseudoacacia

sawtooth blackberry 20 Rubus argutus

Senegal saba Saba senegalensis

Pineapple Sage 29 Salvia elegans

Mexican Bush Sage 29 Salvia leucantha

Chinese Tallow 30 Triadica sebifera

Schefflera 31 schefflera

Brazilian pepper tree 32 Schinus terebinthifolius

bigpod sesbania 34 Sesbania herbacea

cup plant 35 Silphium perfoliatum

goldenrods 2 Solidago

Java plum 37 Syzygium cumini

Tamarind 38 Tamarindus indica

American germander 41 Teucrium canadense

Spanish Oregano 42 Thymus capitatus

Mexican Sunflower 43 Tithonia rotundifolia

Egyptian clover Trifolium alexandrinum

crimson clover 44 Trifolium incarnatum

red clover 45 Trifolium pratense

white clover 46 Trifolium repens

mayberry 47 Vaccinium elliottii

purpletop vervain 48 Verbena bonariensis

Lilac chaste tree 49 Vitex agnus-castus

Golden-Eye 50 Viguiera dentata

Chinese Apple 51 Ziziphus mauritiana

buffalo-thorn 52 Ziziphus mucronata

Tamarisks 55 tamarix

Breadfruit 56 Artocarpus altilis

Jackfruit 57 Artocarpus heterophyllus

Orange 58 Citrus sinensis

Avocado 36 Persea americana

Common guava 59 Psidium guajava

marula 60 Sclerocarya birrea

yellow mombin 21 Spondias mombin

Sea Almond 61 Terminalia catappa

Hog plum 62 Ximenia americana

Cocoplum 61 Chrysobalanus icaco