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Flowering plants for Apis mellifera adansonii/scutellata (African bee) in Senegal, West Africa

This is a pilot of hopefully a larger project spearheaded by Megan Wannarka, an independent researcher and beekeeper based in Minnesota, United States. Her past work as a Peace Corps volunteer in West Africa allowed her to work first hand with farmers there to better understand their needs for appropriate technologies. For example, a simple plant identification manual for beekeepers, farmers and stake holders to understand which plants are beneficial for honey bees in the region.

12 languages are spoken throughout Senegal, creating a small hand held spiral bound laminated identification manual showing with examples of the bloom, seeds and fruit along with symbols identifying if the plant is a nectar, pollen or propolis source.

This guide is to be used by partners on the ground in Senegal (and possibly surrounding countries) to capture local names of plants. Capturing the local common names in as many languages as possible increases the usage of a printed document in the hands of locals.

Background of plant list: Through literature review and research documenting nectar, pollen, and propolis sources from world sources (i.e. Eva Crane) to location specific plants, trees and shrubs. If given bloom calendar information was provided also documented. Ongoing research into this topic of plant sources of honey, pollen, propolis, and honeydew for bees is important to educate public, farmers, and government in conserve, create and increase honey bee habitat. Through identification, seeds can be saved, cuttings taken and education on how to best propagate for location specific uses. Partnering with INaturalist allows local common names and bloom calendar to be captured and will vary based on region, usage and language needs to be taken into consideration.

Conversations have been had with Smithsonian's Encyclopedia of Life website and Peace Corps as well as Trees for the Future for further partnerships and funding. Further questions can be sent to Megan Wannarka at m.wannarka@gmail.com less ↑

Whistling Thorn ⁴
Acacia drepanolobium

catclaw acacia ⁵
Senegalia greggii

candelabra wattle ⁶
Acacia holosericea

Acacia gourmaensis ⁷

Guajillo ⁸
Acacia berlandieri

Hook-thorn ⁹
Acacia caffra

Senegalia brevispica dregeana
Acacia pennata

Woman's Tongue ¹⁹
Albizia lebbeck

Whitebrush ²⁰
Aloysia gratissima

cashew ²¹
Anacardium occidentale

wild custard-apple ²²
Annona senegalensis

Coral Bells ²³
Antigonon leptopus

Nim ²⁴
Azadirachta indica

wild-mango ¹⁵
Cordyla africana

Bombax costatum ²⁵

Shea Tree ⁷
Vitellaria paradoxa

cabbages and allies ²⁶
Brassica

divi divi ⁶
Caesalpinia coriaria

Pigeon Pea ²⁷
Cajanus cajan

Papaya ²⁸
Carica papaya

saguaro ²⁹
Carnegiea gigantea

Kassod Tree ³⁰
Senna siamea

Kapok Tree ³¹
Ceiba pentandra

Yellow Starthistle ³²
Centaurea solstitialis

citrus fruits ³³
citrus

Green Buttonwood
Conocarpus erectus

coriander ³⁴
Coriandrum sativum

Croton megalocarpus ³⁵

African-blackwood ⁷
Dalbergia melanoxylon

Indian Rosewood ³⁶
Dalbergia sissoo

Flamboyant ³⁷
Delonix regia

Detarium senegalense ³⁸

Dialium englerianum

aroma ²²
Dichrostachys cinerea

jackalberry ³⁹
Diospyros mespiliformis

American persimmon ⁴⁰
Diospyros virginiana

Dombeya ⁴¹

purple coneflower ⁴²
Echinacea purpurea

Purple viper's-bugloss ⁴³
Echium plantagineum

Photinia japonica

African Blackwood ⁴⁴
Erythrophleum africanum

Rose-apple ⁴⁵
Syzygium jambos

hyssopleaf thoroughwort ⁴⁶
Eupatorium hyssopifolium

East Indian fig tree ⁴⁷
Ficus benghalensis

Gardenia aqualla ⁴⁸

powderbark gardenia ¹⁵
Gardenia ternifolia

yellow jessamine ⁴⁹
Gelsemium sempervirens

Fence Post Tree ⁵⁰
Gliricidia sepium

honey locust ⁵¹
Gleditsia triacanthos

Soybean ⁵²
Glycine max

Gmelina arborea ³⁰

Gouania lupuloides ⁵³

Silky-oak ⁵⁴
Grevillea robusta

Guazuma ulmifolia ¹⁹

Guiera senegalensis ⁵⁵

French Honeysuckle ⁵⁶
Hedysarum coronarium

Common sunflower ⁵⁷
Helianthus annuus

rubber tree ⁶
Hevea brasiliensis

gallberry ⁵⁸
Ilex glabra

Inga vera ⁵³

sweet potato ⁵⁹
Ipomoea batatas

Convolvulus nodiflorus ⁶⁰

Julbernardia paniculata ¹⁷

African mahogany ⁶¹
Khaya senegalensis

Crape-myrtle ⁴¹
Lagerstroemia indica

White Mangrove ⁶²
Laguncularia racemosa

henbit deadnettle ⁶³
Lamium amplexicaule

Lepidagathis cuspidata

shrub lespedeza ⁶⁴
Lespedeza bicolor

Thunberg's lespedeza ⁶⁵
Lespedeza thunbergii

White leadtree ⁴⁵
Leucaena leucocephala

Chinese privet ⁴⁹
Ligustrum sinense

tulip tree ⁶⁶
Liriodendron tulipifera

Lychee ⁶⁷
Litchi chinensis

Winter honeysuckle ⁶⁸
Lonicera fragrantissima

bird's-foot trefoil ⁶⁹
Lotus corniculatus

Luffas ⁷⁰
luffa

Wild Tamarind ⁷¹
Lysiloma latisiliqua

Madhuca longifolia latifolia
Madhuca indica

Maerua crassifolia

Algerita
Mahonia trifoliata

apples ⁷²
malus

Indian Mango ³⁴
Mangifera indica

Edited by Megan W., some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)

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Flowering plants for Apis mellifera adansonii/scutellata (African bee) in Senegal, West Africa

Whistling Thorn 4 Acacia drepanolobium

catclaw acacia 5 Senegalia greggii

candelabra wattle 6 Acacia holosericea

Guajillo 8 Acacia berlandieri

Hook-thorn 9 Acacia caffra

Senegalia brevispica dregeana Acacia pennata

Woman's Tongue 19 Albizia lebbeck

Whitebrush 20 Aloysia gratissima

cashew 21 Anacardium occidentale

wild custard-apple 22 Annona senegalensis

Coral Bells 23 Antigonon leptopus

Nim 24 Azadirachta indica

wild-mango 15 Cordyla africana

Shea Tree 7 Vitellaria paradoxa

cabbages and allies 26 Brassica

divi divi 6 Caesalpinia coriaria

Pigeon Pea 27 Cajanus cajan

Papaya 28 Carica papaya

saguaro 29 Carnegiea gigantea

Kassod Tree 30 Senna siamea

Kapok Tree 31 Ceiba pentandra

Yellow Starthistle 32 Centaurea solstitialis

citrus fruits 33 citrus

Green Buttonwood Conocarpus erectus

coriander 34 Coriandrum sativum

African-blackwood 7 Dalbergia melanoxylon

Indian Rosewood 36 Dalbergia sissoo

Flamboyant 37 Delonix regia

aroma 22 Dichrostachys cinerea

jackalberry 39 Diospyros mespiliformis

American persimmon 40 Diospyros virginiana

purple coneflower 42 Echinacea purpurea

Purple viper's-bugloss 43 Echium plantagineum

African Blackwood 44 Erythrophleum africanum

Rose-apple 45 Syzygium jambos

hyssopleaf thoroughwort 46 Eupatorium hyssopifolium

East Indian fig tree 47 Ficus benghalensis

powderbark gardenia 15 Gardenia ternifolia

yellow jessamine 49 Gelsemium sempervirens

Fence Post Tree 50 Gliricidia sepium

honey locust 51 Gleditsia triacanthos

Soybean 52 Glycine max

Silky-oak 54 Grevillea robusta

French Honeysuckle 56 Hedysarum coronarium

Common sunflower 57 Helianthus annuus

rubber tree 6 Hevea brasiliensis

gallberry 58 Ilex glabra

sweet potato 59 Ipomoea batatas

African mahogany 61 Khaya senegalensis

Crape-myrtle 41 Lagerstroemia indica

White Mangrove 62 Laguncularia racemosa

henbit deadnettle 63 Lamium amplexicaule

shrub lespedeza 64 Lespedeza bicolor

Thunberg's lespedeza 65 Lespedeza thunbergii

White leadtree 45 Leucaena leucocephala

Chinese privet 49 Ligustrum sinense

tulip tree 66 Liriodendron tulipifera

Lychee 67 Litchi chinensis

Winter honeysuckle 68 Lonicera fragrantissima

bird's-foot trefoil 69 Lotus corniculatus

Luffas 70 luffa

Wild Tamarind 71 Lysiloma latisiliqua

Madhuca longifolia latifolia Madhuca indica

Algerita Mahonia trifoliata

apples 72 malus

Indian Mango 34 Mangifera indica