Observations by claireellwanger

Perennial forb, ~2' tall. Most leaves are basal, up to 9" long and 2" across, narrowly laneolate, margins are smooth, lower and upper surfaces covered with fine white hairs. Singe composite flower head develops at the top of flowering stems. Outer ray florets are just starting to emerge, and bracts of the inner disk florets are opening.

Herbaceous plant with erect and arching stems, ~1.5' long. Stalkless, smooth, alternate and lanleolate leaves clasp the stem. Green globoid berries in groups of 2-3 hang down from the axils of the middle-upper leaves, ~ 1cm long on peduncles (~1.25" long) with pedicels about 1/2" in length.

Perennial plant, ~ 2.5' tall and unbranched. Stout central stem light green, glabrous, logintudinal veins visible. Leaves alternate, up to ~8" long and 2.5" across, becoming smaller as the ascend the stem, lanceolate, margins are smooth and not wavy. Erect inflorescence about 10" long that branches occasionally occurs at the apex of the plant with dense whorls of small green flowers. Each flower is ~ 1/8" long and has 6 green sepals. To confirm this species achenes need to be closely observed (fruit has not yet set). Achenes are tripartite with 3 wings and a tubercle in the center. Wings have a smooth outer margin, the elongated tubercle extends more than half-way down the middle of the achene.

Perennial sedge with non-flowering tufts of leaves and flowering culms (1-1.5' tall). Culms are narrow, unbranched, and 3-angled in a cross section. Up to 5 alternate leaves along each culm, as well as 1-2 axillary spikelets of pistillate flowers and a terminal spikelet of a staminate flowers (brown and shriveled). Pistillate spikelets are ~ 1" long and 1/4" across, peryigynia are densely crowded. Each Peryigynium is ~ 3mm long, 2mm across, and broadly ovoid tapering to a short beak. Under each peryigynium is a short scale that abruptly tapers to a short narrow tip. A slender leafy bract subtends each spikelet of pistillate flowers.

Small tree, ~15'. Trunk has muscle like ridges, bark is smooth and dark blue-ish gray. Terminal buds are absent, end and lateral buds small ~3mm, narrow, slightly angled, and appressed against twigs which are slender.

Native shrub, ~ 7' tall. Young stems pale green, yellowish or red, more mature branches gray. Opposite leaves are up to 4" long, lanceolate, and smooth along margins. Leaf venation is pinnate, tips are long and slender. Dome shaped panicles of flowers are produced, ~2" across. Each flower is ~1/4" across with a short calyx with 4 small teeth, 4 white petals, 4 stamens and a central pistil.

Large tree, >60'. Leaves alternate, simple, blades ~ 3" long, obovate, base asymmetrical, coarsely doubly serrate, thick and firm. Upper leaf surface somewhat rough, veins rarely forked (distinguishes species from U. rubra). Bark dark brown with shallow, flat-topped interlacing ridges.

Native shrub ~5' tall. Mature stems become woody, bark is smooth, dark red, hairless, and with multiple white lenticels. Leaves are opposite, 2-4" long, ovate-lanceolate and smooth along margins. Flat-headed panicles (or cymes) of white flowers are interspersed among leaves, 2-3" across. Each flower is ~1/4" across, with a small green calyx, 4 white petals, 4 stamens, and a pistil with a single style.

Large tree >60'. Bark is thick, gray and deeply furrowed. Leaves are opposite, pinnately compound, and ~1.5' long. Leaflets are 3-4" long, short-stalked, ovate and entire, hairless except along veins.

Small, deciduous tree (~25'). Leaves alternate, simple; blades 4-8" long, about half as wide, obovate-lanceolate, and thin. Flowers are showy (~1.5" across), reddish brown, 3 sepals, 6 petals, stamens very numerous and small, 3-5 ovaries. Bark is smooth, dark brown with whitish blotches with some small wart like protuberances .

Low-spreading, tall shrub (~15' tall). Leaves are alternate, simple, blade is 2-3" long, oval, wavy-dentate, base strongly asymmetrical. Maturing fruits are present in a woody capsule on branches. Twigs are slender, zigzag, and have a scurfy pubescence (can be glabrous as well).

Herbaceous perennial (~2' tall). Leaves are alternate with dentate margins and occur sparingly along a mostly glabrous central stem. There is a single flower head per stem (~2" across). White ray florets (>30) surrounding many yellow perfect disk florets.Each floret has 5 stamen with connate anthers in a tube, and one style that grows up the middle of the tube as well as one ovary.

Herbaceous perennial, ~3' tall. Central stem is glabrous and purplish green. Leaves are both alternate and opposite (~4" long and across), broadly ovate and with entire margins. Petioles of leaves are purplish green (~2.5" long). Tendrils are present at leaf axils.

Perennial woody shrub (~4' tall) with arching branches. Stems (or canes) are brown and new growth is green with stout prickles. Leaves are alternate and trifoliate with long petioles, doubly serrate at margins. Flowers occur in a raceme of 12-15 flowers with hairs on peduncles and pedicels of inflorescence. Flowers are ~ 1" across and have 5 white petals, 5 green sepals, numerous stamens, and one pistil.

Arching woody stemmed shrub (~5' long) where tip reaches the ground. Prickles are scattered along the reddish-brown stem. Leaves are trifoliate and alternate (~3" long and across) with doubly serrate margins and hairs on the lower surface. Flowers appear in cymes. Each flower is about 0.5" across, with 5 white petals, 5 green sepals, many stamen, and multiple green carpels.

Herbaceous perennial (~2.5' tall). Fine hairs cover the stems and leaves (opposite arrangement). Leaves are ~4" long and 2" across, ovate-lanceolate, and smooth along margins. Stems terminate with clusters of flowers. Flowers are ~0.5" across with 5 white petals and many yellow stamens. Reddish veins are present on the calyx.

Herbaceous annual (spreading and ~3" tall). Stems light green-reddish and covered with white hairs. Leaves alternate, trifoliate, and compound (~0.5-0.75" long and across). Stipules are at the base of each petiole. Flower heads on peduncles (~0.25" across), which are a cluster of 15-50 yellow flowers, pea-like floral structure with hood. Calyx has 5 teeth and is small and green.

Herbaceous perennial (~4" tall). Stems are light green and covered with short hairs. Leaves are trifoliate and alternate; drooping and folded along central veins in shade. Flowers (~0.25") are yellow and at the top of the stem; 5 petals, 5 sepals, 10 stamens, and one pistil.

Herbaceous perennial (~2' tall). The central stem is rigid and prickly, with alternate leaves (~4" long, 1" across). Leaves are dentate/pinnatifid along the margins, with many spines, hairy on the underside, and clasp the stem.

Herbaceous perennial (~3' tall). Leaves alternate, larger leaves doubly compound, smaller leaves are singly compound; both are trifoliate. Stems are smooth and green-reddish. The compound umbel made up of many widely spaced umbellets (7-16, ~5" wide) of tiny yellow flowers (~1/8") with 5 petals. Female flowers are on the outside of the umbellets.

Herbaceous perennial forb, somewhat weedy in appearance. Stems grow close together forming a dense cluster ~1.5' tall. Narrow leaves ~1" long and 1/8" wide grow in whorls of 4 along hairless stems. Flower buds that have not yet opened are present at the end of stems. Leaf margins have a slight pubescence.

Herbaceous perennial forb with a low basal rosette of leaves, leaves are ~ 1/3" across and 1' long with parallel venation. Flowering stalks are ~ 2' tall and terminate in a spike like raceme of flowers 4-5" long. Each flower is ~1" across, has 6 tepals, 6 stamens with bright yellow anthers, and a green ovary with a slender style.

Herbaceous, perennial fern. Leaves are erect and ascending, ~1' tall. Compound leaves are pinnate-pinnafid and lanceolate in structure. Blade of leaves is light green and hairless. Leaflets are deeply pinnafid and narrowly lanceolate-oblong. Leaflets can be slightly curved or twisted. This fern can be distinguished from T. noveboracensis because it does not have lower leaflets that are substantially reduced in size.

Herbaceous, short lived perennial forb ~ 1' high. Basal leaves are ~1" across and 2" long, oval-obovate, and finely serrate at the margins. Slender petioles of basal leaves are ~1" long and often have wispy hairs. Unbranched flowering stalks develop from basal leaves and are covered in thin white hairs. Alternate leaves occur sparsely along stalks, ~1" long and .25" across, and narrowly pinnafid, and also hairy. Stalks terminate in a flat-headed cluster of 3-12 flower heads. Composite flowers are about .5" across, have 8-14 ray florets, and numerous yellow ray florets. Each floret has one stamen, one style, and one ovary.