Observations by daninord

The sword fern (Polystichum munitum) is in the family Polypodiaceae. Pinnate alternative toothed leaflets. Leaflets have thumb-like base with small vein attachment. Sori orange in color with round indusium. Grows somewhat low to the ground.

The madrone is from the Ericaceae family. The bark is red/brown which peels to show a smooth tan/orange trunk. Simple leaves are arranged alternately. Leaves also are green with one main vein, branched smaller veins and a leathery feel. Similar to rhododendron. New growth is seen in the center at apical tip.

Salal, is in the family Ericaceae. The leaves have a leathery feel, alternate arrangement, simple in structure with an elliptic shape. One main vein is apparent with many ribs. Plant was 1-2 meters in height. Fruit berries are green which corresponds to newly formed. Found near Douglas fir and native blackberry.

The western red cedar is in the family Capressaceae. This tree's leaves are scale-like, or braided arranged in opposite pairs. Branches have a droop to them. The bark has a reddish brown tint and looks to be shedding. Pollen and seed cones are small and dark brown in color. Found in many residential areas and forests around the northwestern states.

Leaves opposite arranged, palmate with shallow lobes (7-9) and slight serrated edges. Yellow leaves indicate it is deciduous. Tree was tall (about 25 feet in hight). Branches are smaller and more delicate than big leaf maple. Found in a forested area with several fern species, Douglas fir and red cedar.

This lady fern, in the family Athyriceae, appears about 3' in hight with fronds about 8" wide. Fronds are 3 pinnate with a green stipe, contain sori on underside and grow in a circular pattern. Unique frond shape that is narrow at the top and bottom but wide in the center, diamond like assortment. Brown leaflets appear due to weather and temperature.

The Dull Oregon Grape is in the family Berberidaceae. Plant grows about 1-2 ft in height. Leaves are compound with leaflets which are oppositely arranged. Leaflets are pointed, severely toothed and has three mid veins. Leaflets are leathery and smooth to the touch.

The trailing blackberry, an angiosperm is in the family Rosaceae. This species is low to the ground, no more than 6" and has long trailing vines that extend laterally along the ground. Vines are thrones as are the underside of the leaves. Leaves have a velvet texture. Leaves are severely serated, alternate on the vine and pinnately compound in three.

The Ocean Spray shrub, about 7 feet in hight, is in the family Rosaceae. Foliage is sparse during fall season with leaves and scattered clusters of small dried flowers. Leaves are green and lobed, 2-3 inches long. This plant is known for growing in areas that have been cleared and often growing with Douglas firs.

This Vaccinium ovatum, or evergreen huckleberry, is in the Ericaceae family. The leaf arrangement is spiral pattern and leaves are small, elongated smooth and leathery with a serrated edge. Berries are black and purplish.