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Wet Forest Toad

Incilius melanochlorus

Summary 3

Incilius melanochlorus (formerly Bufo melanochlorus; common names: dark green toad, wet forest toad) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found on the Atlantic versant of southeastern Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and western Panama.

Behaviour 4

Call

A short trill (Savage 2002). The vocal sac is round when inflated (Savage 2002).

Conservation actions 5

Conservation Actions

It occurs in several National Parks and other protected areas, including La Selva, Monteverde and Reserva Indo-Maz. Population monitoring is recommended in case of outbreaks of chytridiomycosis and/or other diseases. Further studies are needed into the identity of populations allocated to this species from the Pacific coast (Federico Bolaos and Gerardo Chaves pers. comm.).

Distribution and habitat 6

This species occurs along the lowlands and premontane slopes of the Atlantic versant and lowland and premontane evergreen forests within the Pacific west of Costa Rica. Its range includes the Atlantic, montane slopes and Cordillera Central, and the extreme southern portion of the Pacific Northwest faunal areas of Costa Rica, as defined by Savage (2002). It is common at higher elevations within the wet forests, especially along the forest edge, and is found up to 1,080 meters above sea level. It is usually seen in association with large streams or occasionally found in forest litter (Guyer and Donnelly 2005; O'Neill and Mendelson 2004; McDiarmid and Savage 2005; Savage 2002).

Habitat and ecology 7

Habitat and Ecology

It lives in lowland moist and wet forests and the lower portion of premontane wet forest. It is most likely not very tolerant of either canopy removal of forest or alteration and/or siltation of breeding streams. Other species in this clade are highly intolerant of such impacts. It breeds in large streams and is sometimes encountered on the forest floor.

Systems
  • Terrestrial
  • Freshwater

Sources and Credits

  1. no rights reserved, http://www.flickr.com/photos/55368994@N06/8323630235/
  2. (c) Chace Holzheuser, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Chace Holzheuser
  3. Adapted by Jonathan (JC) Carpenter from a work by (c) Wikipedia, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incilius_melanochlorus
  4. (c) Myra Hughey, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), http://eol.org/data_objects/12682999
  5. (c) International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-SA), http://eol.org/data_objects/34515118
  6. (c) AmphibiaWeb © 2000-2011 The Regents of the University of California, some rights reserved (CC BY), http://eol.org/data_objects/23852805
  7. (c) International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-SA), http://eol.org/data_objects/34515116

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