Cathaya is a genus in family Pinaceae and has one known living species, Cathaya argyrophylla. Cathaya is a member of the subfamily Laricoideae, most closely related to Pseudotsuga and Larix. A second species, C. nanchuanensis, is now treated as a synonym, as it does not differ from C. argyrophylla in any characters.
Chinese mountain trees are the last extant species of the Cathaya genus. They are evergreen and have non-disposable dimorphic shoots. The short shoots grow radially and encircle the long shoots. The female cones are hanging and persistent, and the male cones are not in umbels.