Rhododendron lapponicum (Lapland rosebay, 高山杜鹃) is a rhododendron species found in subarctic regions around the world, where it grows at altitudes ranging from sea level to 1900 meters. It is a shrub that grows to 0.2–0.45 m in height, with leaves that are oblong-elliptic or ovate-elliptic to oblong-obovate, 0.4–1.5 by 0.2–0.5 cm in size. Flowers are reddish or purple.
Azalea lapponica Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 151 (1753). Described from Lapland. A. ferruginosa Pallas, Fl. Ross. 2: pi. 70 fig. 1A, B (1788). R. parvifolium Adams, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 9:237 (1834). R. palustre Turczaninow in Bull. Sci. Nat. Mosc. 11:96 (1838). R. parviflorum F. Schmidt, Fl. Sachal. 158 (1868).. Azalea parvifolia (Adams) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2:387 (1891). R. confertissimum Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 31:239 (1917)