Wine-plumed Spiny Dorid
Acanthodoris nanaimoensis O'Donoghue, 1921
Description 2
Dorsum greyish-white to dirty brownish-mauve in larger specimens, with numerous large, pointed, yellow tipped conical tubercles, with yellow band around margin of dorsum. Rhinophores long with about 22-30 lamellae, tipped with deep wine-red to maroon. Branchial plumes 7-9, bipinnate, greyish-white, usually tipped with deep wine-red to maroon. Labial tentacles large and auriculate, extending nearly to edge of dorsum.
Size 2
Typically about 25mm in length, but may reach 35mm.
Geographic Range 2
Baranof Island, AK, to Santa Barbara, CA. iNaturalist has one observation farther north at Waterfall Beach, AK.
Notes 2
May emit odor of cedar or sandalwood when handled. Jeff Goddard reports that it preys on the bryozoan Alcyonidium polyoum.
References 2
ANONYMOUS. 2011b. Creature feature: Leopard Nudibranch. Friends of Haystack Rock Summer Newsletter, August 2011. [unnumbered pages]. PDF
ANONYMOUS. 2013c. Nudibranch survey. Between the Tides, Friends of Fitzgerald Marine Reserve, March 2013:8. PDF
ANONYMOUS. 2013d. Nudibranch survey continues. Between the Tides, Friends of Fitzgerald Marine Reserve, September 2013:9. PDF
ABBOTT, R. T. 1974. American seashells, the marine Mollusca of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of North America, 663 pp., 24 pls., 2nd ed. N.Y., Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
ANDERSEN, R. J., E. D. DE SILVA, E. J. DUMDEI, P. T. NORTHCOTE, C. Pathirana, & M. TISCHLER. 1990. Chapter 8. Terpenoids from selected marine invertebrates, pp. 265-282. In. G. H. Neil Towers & Helen A. Stafford (Eds.). Biochemistry of the mevalonic acid pathway to terpenoids. Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, vol. 24. Plenum Press, N. Y.
ANDERSEN, R. J., K. DESJARDINE, & K. WOODS. 2006. Skin chemistry of nudibranchs from the west coast of North America, pp. 277-301. In: Guido Cimino & Margherita Gavagnin (Eds.). Molluscs: from chemo-ecological study to biotechnological application. [Progress in Molecular & Subcellular Biology (Subseries: Marine Molecular Biotechnology) 43.]. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg & New York, i-xix, 1-387 pp.
AUSTIN, W. C. 1985. An annotated checklist of the marine invertebrates in the cold temperate northeast Pacific. 3 vols., xiv + 682 pp. Khoyatan Marine Laboratory. [Nudibranchia vol. 2, pp. 315-325].
AVILA, C. 1993. Sustancias naturales de Moluscos Opistobranquios: Estudio de su estructura, origen y función en ecosistemas bentónicos, 546 pp. Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de Barcelona. PDF available in several parts: PDF1 PDF2 PDF3 PDF4 PDF5 PDF6 PDF7 PDF8
AVILA, C. 1995. Natural products of opisthobranch molluscs: a biological review. Oceanography & Marine Biology: an Annual Review 33:487-559.
AVILA, C. 2006. Molluscan natural products as biological models: chemical ecology, histology, and laboratory culture, pp. 1-23. In: Guido Cimino & Margherita Gavagnin (Eds.). Molluscs: from chemo-ecological study to biotechnological application. [Progress in Molecular & Subcellular Biology (Subseries: Marine Molecular Biotechnology) 43.]. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg & New York, i-xix, 1-387 pp.
AYER, S. W. 1985. Novel secondary metabolites from selected British Columbian marine invertebrates. Ph.D. thesis, University of British Columbia. PDF
AYER, S. W., R. J. ANDERSEN, H. CUN-HENG, & J. CLARDY. 1984. Acanthodoral and isoacanthodoral, two sesquiterpenoids with new carbon skeletons from the dorid nudibranch Acanthodoris nanaimoensis. Journal of Organic Chemistry 49(14):2653-2654.
AYER, S. W., J. HELLOU, M. TISCHLER, & R. J. ANDERSEN. 1984. Nanaimoal, a sesquiterpenoid aldehyde from the dorid nudibranch Acanthodoris nanaimoensis. Tetrahedron Letters 25(2):141-144.
BARSBY, T. 2002. New antibiotics from a marine isolate of Bacillus laterosporus, xx + 210 pp. Ph.D. thesis University of British Columbia (Canada). PDF
BEEMAN, R. D., & G. C. WILLIAMS. 1980. Chapter 14. Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata: the sea slugs and allies, pp. 308-354, pls. 95-111. In: R. H. Morris, D. P. Abbott, & E. C. Haderlie. Intertidal invertebrates of California, ix + 690 pp., 200 pls. Stanford University Press.
BEHRENS, D. W. 1980. Pacific coast nudibranchs, a guide to the opisthobranchs of the northeastern Pacific, 112 pp., 162 photos. Sea Challengers, Los Osos, Calif.
BEHRENS, D. W. 1980b. A review of the literature on the opisthobranch fauna of San Francisco Bay. Opisthobranch Newsletter 12(4-12):34-37. PDF
BEHRENS, D. W. 1991. Pacific coast nudibranchs: a guide to the opisthobranchs, Alaska to Baja California, vi + 107 pp., 217 photos. Second Edition. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California.
BEHRENS, D. W. 1992. Pacific coast nudibranchs, supplement I radula, pp. 1-11. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California.
BEHRENS, D. W. 2004. Pacific Coast Nudibranchs, Supplement II New species to the Pacific Coast and new information on the oldies. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, series 4, 55(2):11-54. PDF
BEHRENS, D. W., & A. HERMOSILLO. 2005. Eastern Pacific nudibranchs, a guide to the opisthobranchs from Alaska to Central America. vi + 137 pp., 314 photos. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California.
BERNARD, F. 1967. Prodrome for a distributional check-list and bibliography of the recent marine mollusca of the west coast of Canada. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Technical Report No. 2, xxiv + 261pp. PDF
BERNARD, F. R. 1970. A distributional checklist of the marine molluscs of British Columbia: based on faunistic surveys since 1950. Syesis 3(1-2):75-94.
BERTSCH, H. 2010. Biogeography of Northeast Pacific opisthobranchs: comparative faunal province studies between Point Conception, California, USA, and Punta Aguja, Piura, Perú, pp. 219-259. In: L. J. Rangel Ruiz, J. Gamboa Aguilar, S. L. Arriaga W., & W. M. Contreras Sánchez (Eds.). Perspectivas en Malacología Mexicana, 259 pp. División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco.
BERTSCH, H., T. GOSLINER, R. WHARTON, & G. WILLIAMS. 1972. Natural history and occurrence of opisthobranch gastropods from the open coast of San Mateo county, California. The Veliger 14(3):302-314. PDF
BHAKUNI, D. S. 1994. Bioactive metabolites of the marine-invertebrates - mollusks, echinoderms, tunicates and crustaceans : Part II. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research 53(5):340-353.
BLUNT, J. W., B. R. COPP, M. H. G. MUNRO, P. T. NORTHCOTE, & M. R. PRINSEP. 2006. Marine natural products. Natural Product Reports 23(1):26-78.
CIMINO, G., A. FONTANA, A. CUTIGNANO, & M. GAVAGNIN. 2004. Biosynthesis in opisthobranch molluscs: General outline in the light of recent use of stable isotopes. Phytochemistry Reviews 3(3):285-307.
CIMINO, G., & M. GHISELIN. 1999. Chemical defense and evolutionary trends in biosynthetic capacity among dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia). Chemoecology 9(4):187-207. PDF
CIMINO, G., & M. T. GHISELIN. 2009. Chemical defense and the evolution of opisthobranch gastropods. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 60(10):175-422. PDF
CRANE, S. V. 1972. Population ecology of the nudibranch Archidoris montereyensis (Cooper, 1862), xiii + 125 pp. M.S. thesis, Simon Fraser University. PDF
DEAN L. J., & M. R. PRINSEP. 2017. The chemistry and chemical ecology of nudibranchs. Natural Product Reports, 32 pp. DOI: 10.1039/c7np00041c. PDF
DEWICK, P. M. 1999. The biosynthesis of C5–C25 terpenoid compounds. Natural Product Reports 16:97-130.
DIYABALANAGE, T. K. K. 2006. Chemical investigation of two Antarctic invertebrates, Synoicum adareanum (Chordata: Ascidiaceae; Enterogona; Poluclinidae) and Austrodoris kerguelenensis (Molusca [sic]; Gastropoda; Nudibranchia; Dorididae), xviii + 188 pp. Ph.D. thesis, University of South Florida. PDF
EDMUNDS, M. 1991. Does warning coloration occur in nudibranchs. Malacologia 32(2):241-255. PDF
ENGLER, T. A., M. H. ALI, & F. TAKUSAGAWA. 1996. Studies on the synthesis of acanthodoral and nanaimoal: evaluation of cationic cyclization routes. Journal of Organic Chemistry 61(24):8456-8463.
EVANS, S. 2013. Special tidepool day. Between the Tides, Friends of Fitzgerald Marine Reserve, March 2013:3. PDF
FAHEY, S. J., & A. VALDÉS. 2005. Review of Acanthodoris Gray, 1850 with a phylogenetic analysis of Onchidorididae Alder and Hancock, 1845 (Mollusca, Nudibranchia). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, series 4, 56(20):213-272. PDF
FARMER, W. M. 1980. Sea-slug gastropods, 177 pp. W. M. Farmer Enterprises, Tempe, Arizona.
FAULKNER, D. J. 1984. Marine natural products: metabolites of marine invertebrates. Natural Product Reports 1(6):551-598.
FAULKNER, D. J. 1992a. Marine natural products. Natural Product Reports 9(4):323-364.
FAULKNER, D. J. 1996. Marine natural products. Natural Product Reports 13(2):75-125.
FAULKNER, D. J. 1998. Marine natural products. Natural Product Reports 15(2):113-158.
FAULKNER, D. J., T. F. MOLINSKI, R. J. ANDERSEN, E. J. DUMDEI, & E. D. DE SILVA. 1991. Geographical variation in defensive chemicals from Pacific coast dorid nudibranchs and some related marine molluscs. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology, Part C: Comparative Pharmacology & Toxicology 97(2):233-240. PDF
FRAGA, B. M. 1986. Natural sesquiterpenoids. Natural Product Reports 3(3):273-296.
FRAGA, B. M. 1998. Natural sesquiterpenoids. Natural Product Reports 15(1):73-92.
G. H. 2013. The Nudibranchs of the Salish Sea. The Dredgings (Newsletter of the Pacific Northwest Shell Club) 53(2):3-4. PDF
GARSON, M. J. 2001. Chapter 2. Ecological perspectives on marine natural product biosynthesis, pp. 71-114. In: James B. McClintock & Bill J. Baker (Eds.). Marine Chemical Ecology, CRC press, 610 pp.
GAVAGNIN, M., M. CARBONE, E. MOLLO, & G. CIMINO. 2003. Austrodoral and austrodoric acid: nor-sesquiterpenes with a new carbon skeleton from the Antarctic nudibranch Austrodoris kerguelenensis. Tetrahedron Letters 44(7):1495-1498.
GLODEK, G. S. 1995. The biology of nudibranchs. Freshwater & Marine Aquarium 18(5):72-75.
GODDARD, J. H. R. 1981. Range extension and notes on the food, morphology, and color pattern of the dorid nudibranch Hallaxa chani. The Veliger 24(2):155-158, 1 plate. PDF
GODDARD, J. H. R. 1983. The opisthobranchs of Cape Arago, Oregon, with notes on their natural history and a summary of benthic opisthobranchs known from Oregon. x + 73 pp. M.S. thesis, University of Oregon. PDF
GODDARD, J. H. R. 1987. Observations on the opisthobranch mollusks of Punta Gorda, California, with notes on the distribution and biology of Crimora coneja. The Veliger 29(3):267-273. PDF
GODDARD, J. H. R. 1987a. Cape Arago opisthobranchs. Shells & Sea Life 19(7):5. PDF
GODDARD, J. H. R. 1990. Additional opisthobranch mollusks from Oregon, with a review of deep-water records and observations on the fauna of the south coast. The Veliger 33(3):230-237. PDF
GODDARD, J. H. R. 1992. Patterns of development in nudibranch mollusks from the northeast Pacific Ocean, with regional comparisons, xiv + 237 pp. Ph.D. thesis, University of Oregon. PDF
GODDARD, J. H. R. 1998. A summary of the prey of nudibranch molluscs from Cape Arago, Oregon. Opisthobranch Newsletter 24(2):11-14. PDF
GODDARD, J. H. R. 2001a. Mollusca: Gastropoda, pp. 86-128. In: Alan L. Shanks (Ed.). An identification guide to the larval marine invertebrates of the Pacific northwest. Oregon State University Press, 314 pp.
GODDARD, J. H. R. 2004. Developmental mode in benthic opisthobranch molluscs from the northeast Pacific Ocean: feeding in a sea of plenty. Canadian Journal of Zoology 82(12):1954-1968. PDF
GODDARD, J. H. R., T. M. GOSLINER, & J. S. PEARSE. 2011a. Impacts associated with the recent range shift of the aeolid nudibranch Phidiana hiltoni (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia) in California. Marine Biology 158(5):1095-1109. PDF
GODDARD, J. H. R., T. A. WAYNE, & K. R. WAYNE. 1997. Opisthobranch mollusks and the pulmonate limpet Trimusculus reticulatus (Sowerby, 1835) from the outer Washington coast. The Veliger 40(4):292-297. PDF
GOSLINER, T. M., & G. C. WILLIAMS. 1970. The opisthobranch mollusks of Marin county, California. The Veliger 13(2):175-180. PDF
GOTO, Yoshihiro, & Guido T. POPPE. 1996. A listing of living Mollusca, part II, vol. 2, pp. 525-1031. Ancona: L'informatore piceno. [species are also listed in alphabetical order by specific epithet in part I, vols. 1 & 2].
GRAZIANI, E. I.. 1996. Isolation, structure determination, and biosynthetic studies of secondary metabolites from dorid nudibranchs, 214 pp. Ph.D. thesis, University of British Columbia. PDF
GUSTAFSON, K. 1984. Novel metabolites from British Columbia nudibranchs, x + 159 pp.. Ph.D. thesis, University of British Columbia. PDF
GUSTAFSON, K., & R. J. ANDERSEN. 1985. Chemical studies of British Columbia nudibranchs. Tetrahedron 41(6):1101-1108.
HADFIELD, M. G., & S. E. MILLER. 1987. On developmental patterns of opisthobranchs. American Malacologists Bulletin 5(2):197-214. PDF
HALLAS, J. M., & T. M. GOSLINER. 2015. Family matters: The first molecular phylogeny of the Onchidorididae Gray, 1827 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia). Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 88:16-27. PDF
HALLAS, J. M., W. B. SIMISON, & T. M. GOSLINER. 2016. Dating and biogeographical patterns in the sea slug genus Acanthodoris Gray, 1850 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia). Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 97:19-31. PDF
HAMPEL, T., & R. BRÜCKNER. 2009. A novel cis-selective cyclohexanone annulation as the key step of a total synthesis of the sesquiterpene isoacanthodoral. Organic Letters 11(21):4842-4845.
HELLOU, Jocelyne. 1980. Terpenoids from two British Columbia nudibranchs. M.S. thesis. University of British Columbia. PDF
HILL, R. A., & A. R. PITT. 1996. Hot off the press. Natural Product Reports 13(1): iii-v.
HINES, A. H., & G. M. RUIZ. 2000. Biological invasions of cold-water coastal ecosystems: ballast-mediated introductions in Port Valdez / Prince William Sound, Alaska, final project report, 15 March 2000. Regional Citizens’ Advisory Council of Prince William Sound, 340 pp. [chapters paginated separately]. PDF
HOLLEMAN, J. J. 1972a. Opisthobranch mollusks dredged in San Francisco Bay during the period 1966 to 1971. The Veliger 15(1):59-60. PDF
HURST, A. 1967a. The egg masses and veligers of thirty northeast Pacific opisthobranchs. The Veliger 9(3):255-288, pls. 26-38. PDF
JAECKLE, W. B. 1984. The opisthobranch mollusks of Humboldt county, California. The Veliger 26(3):207-213. PDF
KARUSO, P. 1987. Chemical ecology of the nudibranchs, pp. 31-60. In: Paul J. Scheuer (Ed.). Bioorganic marine chemistry, vol. 1, vii + 185 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
KOZLOFF, E. N., & L. H. PRICE 1987. Marine invertebrates of the Pacific northwest, vi + 511 pp. University of Washington Press.
KUBANEK, J. M. 1998. Chemical studies on the origin of secondary metabolites in selected marine invertebrates, xviii + 222 pp. Ph.D. thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada). PDF
KUBANEK, J., E. I. GRAZIANI, & R. J. ANDERSEN. 1997. Investigations of terpenoid biosynthesis by the dorid nudibranch Cadlina luteomarginata. Journal of Organic Chemistry 62(21):7239-7246.
LAMB, A. O., D. M. GIBBS, & C. J. GIBBS. 2011. Strait of Georgia biodiversity in relation to Bull Kelp abundance, 111 pp. Pacific Fisheries Resource Conservation Council. PDF
LAMB, A., & B. P. HANBY. 2005. Marine Life of the Pacific northwest, a photographic encyclopedia of invertebrates, seaweeds and selected fishes, 398 pp. Harbour Publishing.
LAMBERT, P. 1976. Records and range extensions of some northeastern Pacific opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Canadian Journal of Zoology 54(2):293-300.
LANCE, J. R. 1980. Splendor in the sea. Discover 1(3):58-63.
LAROCQUE, A. 1953. Catalogue of the recent Mollusca of Canada. National Museum Canada, Bulletin No. 129 (Biol. Ser. No. 44), ix + 406 pp.
LAYTON, K. K. S., A. L. MARTEL, & P. D. N. HEBERT. 2014. Patterns of DNA barcode variation in Canadian marine molluscs. PLoS ONE 9(4): e95003. [9 pp.]. PDF
LEE, R. S., & P. BROPHY. 1969. Additional bathymetric and locality data for some opisthobranchs and an octopus from San Barbara county, California. The Veliger 12(2):220-221. PDF
LEE, R. S., & N. R. FOSTER. 1985. A distributional list with range extensions of the opisthobranch gastropods of Alaska. The Veliger 27(4):440-448. PDF
LIU, H.-J, G. ULIBARRI, & L. A. K. NELSON. 1990. The total synthesis of racemic isoacanthodoral. Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications (20):1419-1421.
LIU, H.-J., T. W. LY, C.-L. TAI, J.-D. WU, J.-K. LIANG, J.-C. GUO, N.-W. TSENGA, & K.-S. SHIA. 2003. A modified Robinson annulation process to α,α-disubstituted-β,γ-unsaturated cyclohexanone system. Application to the total synthesis of nanaimoal. Tetrahedron 59(8):1209-1226.
LY, T. W. 2000. Synthetic studies on terpenoids. Part 1. Total synthesis of the marine natural product nanaimoal. Part 2. Towards the total synthesis of solidago alcohol via an intermolecular diels-alder approach, 165 pp. Ph.D. thesis, University of Alberta. PDF
MACFARLAND, F. M. 1925. The Acanthodorididae of the California coast. The Nautilus 39(2):49-65, pls. II-III. PDF
MACFARLAND, F. M. 1926. The Acanthodorididae of the California coast. The Nautilus 39(3):94-103. PDF
MACFARLAND, F. M. 1966. Studies of opisthobranchiate mollusks of the Pacific coast of North America. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences 6:1-546, pls. 1-72. PDF
MCDANIEL, N. G. 1973. A survey of the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna and solid pollutants in Howe Sound. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Technical Report No. 385, i + 64 pp. PDF
MCDONALD, G. R. 1975a. Key D: Sacoglossa and Nudibranchia, pp. 522-542, pls. 121-123. In: Ralph Ingram Smith & James T. Carlton (Eds.). Light's manual, intertidal invertebrates of the central California coast, xviii + 716 pp., 156 pls. University of California Press.
MCDONALD, G. R. 1977. A review of the nudibranchs of the California coast, ix + 373 pp. M.A. thesis, California State University, Hayward. PDF
MCDONALD, G. R. 1983. A review of the nudibranchs of the California coast. Malacologia 24(1-2):114-276. PDF
MCDONALD, G. R., & J. W. NYBAKKEN. 1978. Additional notes on the food of some California nudibranchs with a summary of known food habits of California species. The Veliger 21(1):110-118 PDF
MCDONALD, G. R., & J. W. NYBAKKEN. 1980. Guide to the nudibranchs of California, including most species found from Alaska to Oregon, 72 pp., 112 photos. American Malacologists.
MCLACHLAN, D. H., & J. AYRES. 1979. Fieldbook of Pacific northwest sea creatures, pp. 1-208. Naturegraph Publ.
MILLS, M. L., N. L. RICKETTS, & K. MATSUMOTO. 2009. NatureMapping for beaches, a guide to monitoring marine invertebrates and fish species, 61 pp. The NatureMapping Program, Washington. PDF
NEWBERG, C. L. 2004. A discussion of a nudibranch specimen, Dirona aurantia, found south of normal range, with notes on its occurrence, history and behavior in captivity. Drum & Croaker, a Highly Irregular Journal for the Public Aquarist 35:43-45. PDF
NYBAKKEN, J. W., & G. R. MCDONALD. 1981. Feeding mechanisms of west American nudibranchs feeding on Bryozoa, Cnidaria and Ascidiacea, with special respect to the radula. Malacologia 20(2):439-449. PDF
O'DONOGHUE, C. H. 1921. Nudibranchiate Mollusca from the Vancouver Island region. Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute 13(1):147-209, pls. VII-XII [I-V]. PDF
O'DONOGHUE, C. H. 1922. Notes on the nudibranchiate Mollusca from the Vancouver Island region. I. Colour variations. Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute 14(1):123-130, pl. II. PDF
O'DONOGHUE, C. H. 1922a. Notes on the nudibranchiate Mollusca from the Vancouver Island region. III. Records of species and distribution. Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute 14(1):145-167, pls. V-VI. PDF
O'DONOGHUE, C. H. 1926. A list of the nudibranchiate Mollusca recorded from the Pacific coast of North America, with notes on their distribution. Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute 15(2):199-247. PDF
O'DONOGHUE, C. H., & E. O'DONOGHUE. 1922. Notes on the nudibranchiate Mollusca of the Vancouver Island region. II. The spawn of certain species. Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute 14(1):131-143, pls. III-IV. PDF
OMODANI, T., & K. SHISHIDO. 1994. Total enantioselective synthesis of the marine sesquiterpene nanaimoal. Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications (24):2781-2782.
PAINE, R. T. 1963. Food recognition and predation on opisthobranchs by Navanax inermis (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia). The Veliger 6(1):1-9, pl. 1. [reprinted in: Graham, Michael H., Joan Parker, & Paul K. Dayton. 2011. The essential naturalist, timeless readings in natural history, 552 pp. University of Chicago Press]. PDF
PENNEY, B. K. 2002a. Lowered nutritional quality supplements nudibranch chemical defense. Oecologia 132(3):411-418. PDF
PENNEY, B. K. 2008. Phylogenetic comparison of spicule networks in cryptobranchiate dorid nudibranchs (Gastropoda, Euthyneura, Nudibranchia, Doridina). Acta Zoologica (Copenhagen) 89(4):311-329.
ROBILLIARD, G. A., & E. N. KOZLOFF. 1987. Subclass Opisthobranchia, pp. 232-258. In: Eugene N. Kozloff (Ed.). Marine invertebrates of the Pacific northwest, vi + 511 pp. University of Washington Press.
ROLLER, R. A. 1970. A list of recommended nomenclatural changes for MacFarland's “Studies of opisthobranchiate mollusks of the Pacific coast of North America”. The Veliger 12(3):371-374. PDF
ROLLER, R. A., & S. J. LONG. 1969. An annotated list of opisthobranchs from San Luis Obispo county, California. The Veliger 11(4):424-430. PDF
SPHON, G. G. 1972. Some opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Oregon. The Veliger 15(2):153-157. PDF
STATE WATER RESOURCES CONTROL BOARD. 1979. California marine waters areas of special biological significance. Reconnaissance survey report. Duxbury Reef Reserve and extension Marin County. California State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Planning & Research, Surveillance & Monitoring Section. May 1979. Water Quality Monitoring Report No. 79-14, iii + 48 pp. PDF
STATE WATER RESOURCES CONTROL BOARD. 1979d. California marine waters areas of special biological significance. Reconnaissance survey report. Double Point, Marin County. State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Planning & Research, Surveillance & Monitoring Section. Water Quality Monitoring Report No. 79-15, v + 100 pp. PDF
STATE WATER RESOURCES CONTROL BOARD. 1979k. California marine waters areas of special biological significance. Reconnaissance survey report. Kelp Beds at Trinidad Head, Humboldt County. California State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Planning & Research, Surveillance & Monitoring Section. June 1979. Water Quality Monitoring Report No. 79-19, ii + 125 pp. PDF
STATE WATER RESOURCES CONTROL BOARD. 1981b. California marine waters areas of special biological significance. Reconnaissance survey report. Redwood National Park, Del Norte and Humboldt Counties. California State Water Resources Control Board, Surveillance & Monitoring Section. August 1981. Water Quality Monitoring Report No. 81-5, vii + 120 pp. PDF
STEINBERG, J. E. 1963. Notes on the opisthobranchs of the west coast of North America—III. Further nomenclatorial changes in the order Nudibranchia. The Veliger 6(2):63-67. PDF
STEINBERG, J. E. 1963a. Notes on the opisthobranchs of the west coast of North America—IV. A distributional list of opisthobranchs from Point Conception to Vancouver Island. The Veliger 6(2):68-75. PDF
STRATHMANN, M. F. 1987. Reproduction and development of marine invertebrates of the northern Pacific coast. Data and methods for the study of eggs, embryos, and larvae. University of Washington Press, xii + 670 pp.
THOMPSON, T. E. 1976. Biology of opisthobranch molluscs, vol. 1, 207 pp., 21 pls. Ray Society, no. 151.
THOMPSON, T. E. 1976a. Nudibranchs, 96 pp, 30 pls. T. F. H. Publ., New Jersey.
TSANGARAKIS, C., I. N. LYKAKIS, & M. STRATAKIS. 2008. Zeolite NaY-promoted cyclization of farnesal: A short route to nanaimoal. Journal of Organic Chemistry 73(7):2905-2908.
TURNER, T. 1978. Adaptive significance of foot forms and types of locomotion in opisthobranchs, x + 66 pp. M.A. thesis, California State University, Hayward. PDF
WILLIAMS, G. C., & T. M. GOSLINER. 1979. Two new species of nudibranchiate molluscs from the west coast of North America, with a revision of the family Cuthonidae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 67(3):203-223. PDF
ZHANG, L. M., & M. KOREEDA. 2004. Total synthesis of (+)-acanthodoral by the use of a Pd-catalyzed metal-ene reaction and a nonreductive 5-exo-acyl radical cyclization. Organic Letters 6(4):537-540. PDF
Synonyms 2
Acanthodoris columbina MacFarland, 1926
Additional Info 2
Sources and Credits
- (c) Gary McDonald, all rights reserved, uploaded by Gary McDonald
- (c) Gary McDonald, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)
More Info
iNat Map
| Classification | Doridina |
|---|---|
| Rhinophores | perfoliate |
| Body | doridiform |
| Dorsum | with conical tubercles |
| Labial tentacles | large & auriculate & extending nearly to edge of dorsum |
