Dominant tree in a small area of forest. Trees up to 4 m tall, often multi-trunked, windshorn with a mostly closed canopy. Understorey sparse - mostly hinahina (Melicytus chathamicus) with tangles of Muehlenbeckia aff. australis. Ground cover often bare as forest floor extensively sea bird burrowed but in places supporting masses of Dichondra aff. brevifolia, Tetragonia implexicoma, and less commonly Hebe dieffenbachii, Urtica australis, and in more open sites Carex trifida and Critesion murinum.