(numbers of species and genera vary depending on the areal extent of s Africa and publication date; and some genera have been sunk) [click on Family to see the species observed on iNaturalist]
(23 genera and 648 spp in s Afr)
Involucre is green, in one series, with or without a few much smaller outer bracts; bracts are free or connate to various degrees; cypselae mostly cylindrical; pappus of bristles.
Genera: Cineraria, Euryops, Kleinia, Othonna, Senecio
(185 genera and 1 240 spp in s Afr - over 90% endemism in s Afr)
Capitula solitary or in secondary heads; involucral bracts in several rows and papery, brownish or brightly coloured, but not green; cypselae small and pappus bristles plumose or scabrid.
Genera: Athrixia, Helichrysum, Macowania, Metalasia, Oedera, Relhania
(35 genera and 313 spp in s Afr, many endemic)
Leaves usually glandular and aromatic; capitula discoid or radiate, mostly pedunculate, solitary or in corymbs, panicles or small compact clusters.
Genera: Athanasia, Cotula, Eriocephalus, Osmitopsis, Pentzia, Ursinia
(23 genera and 302 spp in s Afr)
Leaves usually alternate; capitula many-flowered; involucral bracts usually in 3-5 series, often herbaceous, usually persistent and bent downwards; cypselae laterally compressed.
Genera: Afroaster, Amellus, Chrysocoma, Conyza, Felicia, Printzia, Pteronia
(25 genera and 235 spp in s Afr, most endemic to s Afr)
Milky latex, Leaves entire, lobed or divided to the midrib, with or without small spines. Capitula usually radiate; cypselae mostly hairy; pappus of scales.
Genera: Arctotis, Berkheya, Didelta, Gazania, Gorteria, Hirpicium
(12 genera and 118 spp in s Afr, most endemic to s Afr)
Capitula solitary or corymbose, radiate; cypselae often winged, those of outer florets usually curved, those of Chrysanthemoides a drupe without pappus.
Genera: *Calendula, Chrysanthemoides, Dimorphotheca, Garuleum, Osteospermum, Tripteris
(19 genera and 74 spp)
Capitula solitary; involucral bracts generally in many rows, herbaceous or cartilaginous; pappus mostly of capillary bristles.
Genera: Calostephane, Geigeria, Nicolasia, Pegolettia
(15 genera and 87 spp in s Afr)
Leaves usually alternate and the blade undivided; inflorescences cymes, corymbiform with cymose branches; capitula discoid; involucral bracts in 3-9 series; florets 1-400, mostly purple.
Genera: Gymnanthemum, Hilliardiella, Linzia, Orbivestus, Polydora, Vernonia
(14 genera and 53 spp - mostly weeds - in s Afr)
Short-lived or annual herbs; leaves in a rosette or alternately set; milky latex present; capitula ligulate; milky latex present; florets with 5 lobes.
Genera: *Cichorium, *Hypochaeris, *Lactuca, Launaea, *Picris, Sonchus, Sonchus, *Taraxacum, Tolpis, *Youngia
(22 genera and 40 spp - mostly weeds and cultivated - in s Afr)
Herbs; leaves opposite; capitula radiate with large yellow corollas; involucral bracts in 1 or 2 rows; cypselae with a black layer in the fruit wall.
Genera: *Ambrosia, Aspilia, *Helianthus, Sclerocarpus, *Tithonia, *Verbesina, *Zinnia
(3 genera and 28 spp in s Afr).
Capitula discoid; disc florets with relatively long lobes; involucral bracts in many series, often spiny.
Genera: Dicoma, Macledium, Pleiotaxis
(2 genera and 16 spp in s Afr)
Acaulescent perennial herbs; involucral bracts usually imbricate, multiseriate; style arms short-papillose; florets usually 2-lipped; achenes usually brown; pappus of simple hairs.
Gerbera, Perdicium
(2 genera and 16 spp - all endemic - in s Afr)
Dioecious trees or shrubs; capitula unisexual, discoid or disciform; pappus absent or of barbed setae.
Brachylaena, Tarchonanthus
(1 genus with 14 spp, all endemic to the Cape)
Scapose perennial with stout rhizome; leaves linear-lanceolate, parallel-veined; capitula discoid, single-flowered, in corymb or panicle; pappus of short scales or delicate fine bristles.
Corymbium
(7 genera and 13 spp - seriously invasive - in s Afr)
Plant scandent; leaves usually opposite; cypselae with a black layer in the fruit wall.
Genera: Adenostemma, *Ageratum, *Campuloclinium, *Chromolaena, Mikania, Stomatanthes
(8 genera and 14 spp - mostly weedy in s Afr)
Thistle-like; leaves alternate, frequently in basal rosettes; involucral bracts in many rows, usually spiny; latex present in aerial parts.
Genera:*Carduus, *Cirsium
(3 genera with 7 spp in s Afr)
Leaves commonly dissected, 1-3-pinnatifid; involucral bracts dimorphic, in 1-6 series, herbaceous, green; pappus of 2 or 3 awns, awns smooth or barbed.
Bidens, *Coreopsis, *Cosmos
(2 genera with 7 spp in s Afr)
Capitula radiate; ray florets pistillate; cypselae black or brown.
Anisopappus, Philyrophyllum
(4 genera and 5 spp in s Afr)
Capitula radiate or discoid; involucral bracts subequal to graded; pappus of a few minute scales or absent.
. *Gaillardia, *Flaveria, Hypericophyllum, *Schkuhria
(3 genera and 5 spp - all alien - in s Afr)
Herbs with opposite glandular leaves. Capitula radiate with 3-lobed white rays; pappus of scales or bristles when present
. *Galinsoga, *Guizotia, *Sigesbeckia
(1 genus with 4 spp - all endemic to the Cape)
Woody; leaves thick and leathery; capitula urn-shaped or almost hemispherical; ray florets 2-lipped; pappus bristles long, barbed.
Oldenburgia
(2 genera with 3 spp endemic to s Afr)
Leaves spinose; florets yellow; style with rather long sweeping hairs.
Eremothamnus, Hoplophyllum
(2 genera with 3 spp endemic to s Afr)
Prostrate, stemless, clonal herbs; florets grouped in secondary heads surrounded by one or more rosettes of leaves; florets dark or light pink to white.
Platycarpha, Platycarphella
(2 genera with 3 spp - common alien weeds - in s Afr)
Annual herbs, sometimes woody at base; capitula cylindric; involucral bract in 1 or 2 series; ray florets 1 or 2 per head; pappus absent or scales.
. *Flaveria, *Tagetes
Unplaced to Tribes
