Taxonomic notes: Section empty

This species is known only from the heavily fragmented forest region of southwestern Ghana and southeastern Côte d'Ivoire. It is known from three localities  in Côte d’Ivoire: Banco National Park, Audoin Classified Forest and Yaya Classified Forest (N.G. Kouame pers. comm. June 2012) and from six localities in Ghana: Kakoum National Park, Boi-Tano Forest Reserve, Atewa Forest Reserve, Draw River Forest Reserve and the Ankasa Conservation Area, a twin wildlife protected area comprising Nini-Suhien National Park to the north and the Ankasa Forest Reserve to the south; and Bobiri Forest Reserve.
It is found in lowland areas at 500-1,000 m asl in Côte d'Ivoire.
Using the range as a proxy, the extent of occurrence (EOO) is estimated to be 61,463 km².

Is there any information available regarding the AOO or number of threat-defined locations of this species? EJM

There is very little information concerning its population status, since only a few specimens are known. It is a very inconspicuous forest floor species, so it is probably often overlooked. In Banco area is was abundant in the site where is was found. However, it was not very abundant in Yaya forest (N.G. Kouame pers. comm. June 2012). It is thought to be declining due to the threats to its habitat (for example the habitat in Banco is threatened by pollution, religious ceremonies along Banco river causing threat to bamboo habitat of species, construction, and toxic waste) (N.G. Kouame pers. comm. June 2012). Last seen 2011 (N.G. Kouame pers. comm. June 2012).

It is usually found on the floor of swampy primary rainforest, but it has also been found at the edge of small temporary pools in bamboo forest and close to forest edge. It reproduces in small puddles in the leaf litter at the edge of the swamps (N.G. Kouame pers. comm. June 2012).

There are no reports of this species being utilized.

It is adversely affected by the loss of forest habitat due to agricultural development (rubber and cacao plantations in Côte d' Ivoire), logging and expanding human settlements.

In 2006, toxic waste (Hydrogen sulfide which is highly toxic) was dumped in the area around Banco National Park. It is very likely that toxins were washed into the national park during heavy rainfalls, polluting the river and amphibian habitats (ponds for reproduction during rainy season) (N.G. Kouame pers. comm. June 2012).

In Banco National Forest, religious ceremonies along Banco River site are a threat to the bamboo habitat of this species (N.G. Kouame pers. comm. June 2012).

In Ghana, mining in the Atewa Forest Reserve is a threat to this species. Road construction for the transport of the resources is causing the destruction of the habitat.

• 2.1.2 Small-holder farming
• 1.1 Housing & urban areas
• 5.3.5 Motivation Unknown/Unrecorded
• 9.2.3 Type Unknown/Unrecorded
• 6.1 Recreational activities
• 4.1 Roads & railroads
• 3.2 Mining & quarrying

It occurs in several protected areas across its range. There is a need for further survey work in order to determine the current population status of this species.

Listed as Endangered because it is probably dependent upon undisturbed forest habitat in an area of high human impact, and so its Area of Occupancy is probably less than 500km2, its distribution is severely fragmented, and the extent of its forest habitat in Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire is probably declining.
According to our records this species may not have been formally reassessed. The current assessment relies on an estimate of the AOO; it would make this a more robust assessment if this could be confirmed with reasoning. To qualify for the EN category, an estimate of the number of threat-defined locations or evidence that the population is severely fragmented (according to the Red List guidelines) is needed. EJM

• Assemian, N.E., Kouamé, N.G., Tohé, B., Gourène, G. & Rödel, M.-O. 2006. The anurans of the Banco National Park, Côte d’Ivoire, a threatened West African rainforest. Salamandra: 41-51.
• Perret, J.-L. 1988. Les especes de Phrynobatrachus (Anura, Ranidae) a eperon palpebral. Archives des Sciences Genève: 275-294.
• Rödel, M.-O., Gil, M., Agyei, A.C., Leaché, A.D., Diaz, R.E., Fujita, M.K. and Ernst, R. 2005. The amphibians of the forested parts of south-western Ghana. Salamandra: 107-127.
• Schiøtz, A. 1964. A preliminary list of amphibians collected in Ghana. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening: 1-17.