ruthasije's Identifications

Leucanthemum vulgare
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Oxeye Daisy)
Leucanthemum vulgare
Leucanthemum vulgare 'Filigran' Flower 2200px.jpg
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Leucanthemum
Species: L. vulgare
Binomial name
Leucanthemum vulgare
Lam.
Synonyms[1]

Bellis major Garsault nom. inval.
Chamaemelum leucanthemum (L.) E.H.L.Krause
Chrysanthemum dentatum Gilib. nom. inval.
Chrysanthemum ircutianum Turcz.
Chrysanthemum lanceolatum Pers.
Chrysanthemum lanceolatum Vest
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L.
Chrysanthemum montanum Willd. nom. illeg.
Chrysanthemum praecox (M.Bieb.) DC.
Chrysanthemum pratense Salisb.
Chrysanthemum sylvestre Willd.
Chrysanthemum vulgare (Lam.) Gaterau
Leucanthemum ageratifolium Pau
Leucanthemum eliasii (Sennen & Pau) Sennen & Pau
Leucanthemum lanceolatum DC.
Leucanthemum leucanthemum (L.) Rydb. nom. illeg.
Leucanthemum praecox (Horvatić) Villard
Matricaria leucanthemum (L.) Desr.
Matricaria leucanthemum (L.) Scop.
Pontia heterophylla (Willd.) Bubani
Pontia vulgaris Bubani
Pyrethrum leucanthemum (L.) Franch.
Tanacetum leucanthemum (L.) Sch.Bip.

Leucanthemum vulgare, the ox-eye daisy,[2] or oxeye daisy,[3] is a widespread flowering plant native to Europe and the temperate regions of Asia and an introduced plant to North America, Australia and New Zealand. It is one of a number of family Asteraceae plants to be called a "daisy", and has the additional vernacular names common daisy, dog daisy and moon daisy.

L. vulgare is a typical grassland perennial wildflower, growing in a variety of plant communities including meadows and fields, under scrub and open-canopy forests, and in disturbed areas.[4]

Leucanthemum is from the Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, "white") and ἄνθος (ánthos, "flower"). Symbolic meaning of Oxeye daisy: Patience (Plant symbolism)

Contents

1 Description
2 Uses
2.1 Food
2.2 Cultivation
3 Invasive species
4 Allergies
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links

Description

Leucanthemum vulgare is a perennial herb one to three feet high by 1 foot (0.30 m) wide.[5] The stem is mostly unbranched and sprouts laterally from a creeping rhizomatous rootstock.[6]

The leaves are dark green on both sides. The basal and middle leaves are petiolate, obovate to spoon-shaped, and serrate to dentate. The upper leaves are shorter, sessile, and borne along the stem.

L. vulgare blooms from late spring to autumn. The small flower head, not larger than 5 centimetres (2.0 in), consists of about 20 white ray florets that surround a yellow disc, growing on the end of 1 to 3 ft (30 to 91 cm) tall stems. The plant produces an abundant number of flat seeds, without pappus, that remain viable in the soil for 2 to 3 years. It also spreads vegetatively by rhizomes.[6]

L. vulgare plant after flowering, showing the foliage.

Capitulum of L. vulgare from below, showing the involucral bracts.

Uses
Food

The unopened flower buds can be marinated and used in a similar way to capers.[7]

Grieve's Modern Herbal (1931) states that "The taste of the dried herb is bitter and tingling, and the odour faintly resembles that of valerian."[8]
Cultivation

Leucanthemum vulgare is widely cultivated and available as a perennial flowering ornamental plant for gardens and designed meadow landscapes. It thrives in a wide range of conditions and can grow in sun to partial shade, and prefers damp soils. There are cultivars, such as 'May Queen' which begins blooming in early spring.
Invasive species

Leucanthemum vulgare became an introduced species via gardens into natural areas in parts of Canada,[2] the United States, Australia, and New Zealand, where it is now a common weed.[9] In some habitats it is an invasive species forming dense colonies displacing native plants and modifying existing communities, and is classified as a noxious weed.[4][10][11]

It is difficult to control or eradicate, since a new plant can regenerate from rhizome fragments[4] and is a problem in pastures where beef and dairy cattle graze, as usually they will not eat it, thus enabling it to spread.[12]

Ox-eye daisy is a host for several viral diseases affecting crops.[6]
Allergies

Allergies to daisies do occur, usually causing contact dermatitis.[13]
See also

Bellis perennis – common daisy
Buphthalmum salicifolium – yellow ox-eye daisy
Argyranthemum frutescens – marguerite daisy

References

"The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved 5 December 2014.
T. Dickinson; D. Metsger; J. Bull; R. Dickinson (2004). ROM Field Guide to Wildflowers of Ontario. Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum. p. 175.
"BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-02-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
"Ox-Eye Daisy – Chrysanthemum leucanthemum". cirrusimage.com.
"Ox-eye Daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare) – Information on Ox-eye Daisy – Encyclopedia of Life". Encyclopedia of Life.
Ox-Eye Daisy – Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. Cirrusimage.com. Retrieved on 2015-07-08.
"Forbes Wild Food". wildfoods.ca.
Grieve, Maud (1971). A Modern Herbal: The Medicinal, Culinary, Cosmetic and Economic Properties, Cultivation and Folk-lore of Herbs, Grasses, Fungi, Shrubs, & Trees with All Their Modern Scientific Uses, Volume 1. p. 248.
oxeye daisy, Leucanthemum vulgare (Asterales: Asteraceae). Invasive.org (2010-05-04). Retrieved on 2015-07-08.
"Plants Profile for Leucanthemum vulgare (oxeye daisy)". usda.gov.
"UC/JEPS: Jepson Manual treatment for LEUCANTHEMUM vulgare". berkeley.edu.
Oxeye daisy. massey.ac.nz
Lynette A. Gordon (1999). "Compositae dermatitis". Australasian Journal of Dermatology 40 (3): 123–130. doi:10.1046/j.1440-0960.1999.00341.x. PMID 10439521.

Description from Wikipedia

Symphyotrichum novae-angliae
Aster novae-angliae.jpg
New England Aster
Conservation status

Secure (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Tribe: Astereae
Genus: Symphyotrichum
Subgenus: Virgulus
Species: S. novae-angliae
Binomial name
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae
(L.) G.L.Nesom
Cultivars
See

List of Symphyotrichum novae-angliae cultivars
Synonyms
Aster altissimus Moench
Aster concinnus Colla
Aster novae-angliae L.
Aster novae-angliae f. geneseensis House
Aster novae-angliae var. monocephalus Farw.
Aster novae-angliae f. rosarius House
Aster novae-angliae f. roseus (Desf.) Britton
Aster novae-angliae f. spurius (Willd.) Voss
Aster roseus Desf.
Aster spurius Willd.
Lasallea novae-angliae (L.) Semple & Brouillet
Virgulus novae-angliae (L.) Reveal & Keener
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) G L Nesom. (formerly Aster novae-angliae L.), commonly known as the New England aster,[2] hairy Michaelmas-daisy[3] or Michaelmas daisy, is a flowering herbaceous perennial plant in the Asteraceae family. It is native to almost every area in North America east of the Rocky Mountains, but excluding the far north of Canada as well as some of the southern United States. Symphyotrichum novae-angliae was introduced to Europe in 1710;[4] a common garden escape, it has naturalized along roadsides and on disturbed ground.

Contents

1 Description
2 Uses among Native Americans
3 Cultivation
4 Cultivars
5 Collections
6 See also
7 References
Description[edit]

Bees on Symphyotrichum novae-angliae flowers
The plant grows up to 120 cm (47 in) with a stout, hairy stem and clasping, lance-shaped leaves with entire margins. The flower heads are showy with yellow disc florets at the center and ray florets that range from a deep purple or rose to rarely white.

This species inhabits a wide variety of habitats and soil types, though it does not tolerate strong shade.

Uses among Native Americans[edit]

The Cherokee use a poultice of the roots for pain, an infusion of the roots for diarrhea, and sniff the ooze from the roots for catarrh. They also take an infusion of the plant for fever.[5] The Chippewa smoke the roots in pipes to attract game.[6] The Iroquois use a decoction of the plant for weak skin, use a decoction of the roots and leaves for fevers, use the plant as a "love medicine",[7] and use an infusion of whole plant and rhizomes from another plant to treat mothers with intestinal fevers,.[8] The Meskwaki smudge the plant and use it to revive unconscious people,[9] and the Prairie Potawatomi use it as a fumigating reviver.[10]

Cultivation[edit]

Owing to its attractive flowers, numerous cultivars have been developed. Moreover, as a result of its increased horticultural popularity, it has been introduced to many areas beyond its natural range, including Europe and several western US states.[11]

Cultivars[edit]

See List of Symphyotrichum novae-angliae cultivars.

Over 70 cultivars of Symphyotrichum novae-angliae have been raised, although only about 50 survive in commerce today. There is less diversity of habit and flower than in novi-belgii, whose cultivars are often derived from hybrids. The novae-angliae cultivars grow to between 90 and 180 cm in height, with the notable exception of "Purple Dome", at <60 cm.[4]

Collections[edit]

In the United Kingdom, there is one NCCPG national collection of Symphyotrichum novae-angliae.

Avondale Nursery, Mill Hill, Baginton, nr. Coventry CV5 6AG. 07979 093096. www.avondalenursery.co.uk
See also[edit]

List of Symphyotrichum species
List of Symphyotrichum novae-angliae cultivars
References[edit]

^ "Symphyotrichum novae-angliae". NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. Retrieved 2007-06-18.
^ "Symphyotrichum novae-angliae". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 6 December 2015.
^ "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-02-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
^ a b http://www.autumnasters.co.uk/aster_novae-angliaie.htm
^ Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses – A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 24)
^ Densmore, Frances 1928 Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians. SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379 (p. 376)
^ Herrick, James William 1977 Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis (p. 463)
^ Rousseau, Jacques 1945 Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga. Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72 (p. 65)
^ Smith, Huron H. 1928 Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326 (p. 212)
^ Smith, Huron H. 1933 Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230 (p. 50)
^ Brouillet, Luc; Semple, John C.; Allen, Geraldine A.; Chambers, Kenton L.; Sundberg, Scott D. (2006). "Symphyotrichum novae-angliae". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America 20. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 487.