Hudson's Horned Dorid
Acanthodoris hudsoni MacFarland, 1905
Description 2
Dorsum whitish, covered with numerous pointed conical tubercles which are tipped with yellow. A yellow band around margin of dorsum. Rhinophores long with about 22-24 lamellae. Branchial plumes 5, bipinnate, greyish-white, usually tipped with yellow. Labial tentacles large and auriculate, extending nearly to edge of dorsum. The long rhinophores and pointed papillae distinguish this species from the more common Cadlina luteomarginata which has rounded tubercles on the dorsum and shorter rhinophores.
Size 2
Typically less than 20mm, but may exceed 30mm in length.
Geographic Range 2
Three Entrance Bay, AK to San Diego, CA.
Notes 2
Uncommon in the intertidal.
References 2
BEEMAN, R. D., & G. C. WILLIAMS. 1980. Chapter 14. Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata: the sea slugs and allies, pp. 308-354, pls. 95-111. In: Robert H. Morris, Donald P. Abbott, & Eugene C. Haderlie. Intertidal invertebrates of California, ix + 690 pp., 200 pls. Stanford University Press.
BEHRENS, D. W. 1980. Pacific coast nudibranchs, a guide to the opisthobranchs of the northeastern Pacific, 112 pp., 162 photos. Sea Challengers, Los Osos, Calif.
BEHRENS, D. W. 1991. Pacific coast nudibranchs: a guide to the opisthobranchs, Alaska to Baja California, vi + 107 pp., 217 photos. Second Edition. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California.
BEHRENS, D. W., & A. HERMOSILLO. 2005. Eastern Pacific nudibranchs, a guide to the opisthobranchs from Alaska to Central America. vi + 137 pp., 314 photos. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California.
BERNARD, F. R. 1970. A distributional checklist of the marine molluscs of British Columbia: based on faunistic surveys since 1950. Syesis 3(1-2):75-94.
BERTSCH, H., T. GOSLINER, R. WHARTON, & G. WILLIAMS. 1972. Natural history and occurrence of opisthobranch gastropods from the open coast of San Mateo county, California. The Veliger 14(3):302-314. PDF
COCKERELL, T. D. A., & C. N. E. ELIOT. 1905. Notes on a collection of Californian nudibranchs. Journal of Malacology 12(3):31-53, pls. VII-VIII. PDF
DEBELIUS, H., & R. H. KUITER. 2007. Nudibranchs of the world, 360 pp. IKAN Unterwasserarchiv, Frankfurt, Germany.
FAHEY, S. J., & A. VALDÉS. 2005. Review of Acanthodoris Gray, 1850 with a phylogenetic analysis of Onchidorididae Alder and Hancock, 1845 (Mollusca, Nudibranchia). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, series 4, 56(20):213-272. PDF
G. H. 2013. The Nudibranchs of the Salish Sea. The Dredgings (Newsletter of the Pacific Northwest Shell Club) 53(2):3-4. PDF
GODDARD, J. H. R. 1984. The opisthobranchs of Cape Arago, Oregon, with notes on their biology and a summary of benthic opisthobranchs known from Oregon. The Veliger 27(2):143-163. PDF
GODDARD, J. H. R. 1987. Observations on the opisthobranch mollusks of Punta Gorda, California, with notes on the distribution and biology of Crimora coneja. The Veliger 29(3):267-273. PDF
GODDARD, J. H. R. 1987a. Cape Arago opisthobranchs. Shells & Sea Life 19(7):5. PDF
GODDARD, J. H. R. 1990. Additional opisthobranch mollusks from Oregon, with a review of deep-water records and observations on the fauna of the south coast. The Veliger 33(3):230-237. PDF
GOSLINER, T. M., & G. C. WILLIAMS. 1973a. Additions to the opisthobranch mollusk fauna of Marin county, California, with notes on their natural history. The Veliger 15(4):352-354. PDF
GOTO, Y., & G. T. POPPE. 1996. A listing of living Mollusca, part II, vol. 2, pp. 525-1031. Ancona: L'informatore piceno. [species are also listed in alphabetical order by specific epithet in part I, vols. 1 & 2].
HALLAS, J. M., W. B. SIMISON, & T. M. GOSLINER. 2016. Dating and biogeographical patterns in the sea slug genus Acanthodoris Gray, 1850 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia). Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 97:19-31. PDF
HURST, A. 1967a. The egg masses and veligers of thirty northeast Pacific opisthobranchs. The Veliger 9(3):255-288, pls. 26-38. PDF
KOZLOFF, E. N., & L. H. PRICE 1987. Marine invertebrates of the Pacific northwest, vi + 511 pp. University of Washington Press.
LAMB, A. O., D. M. GIBBS, & C. J. GIBBS. 2011. Strait of Georgia biodiversity in relation to Bull Kelp abundance, 111 pp. Pacific Fisheries Resource Conservation Council. PDF
LAMB, A., & B. P. HANBY. 2005. Marine Life of the Pacific northwest, a photographic encyclopedia of invertebrates, seaweeds and selected fishes, 398 pp. Harbour Publishing.
LAMBERT, P. 1976. Records and range extensions of some northeastern Pacific opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Canadian Journal of Zoology 54(2):293-300.
LAROCQUE, A. 1953. Catalogue of the recent Mollusca of Canada. National Museum Canada, Bulletin No. 129 (Biol. Ser. No. 44), ix + 406 pp.
LEE, R. S., & P. BROPHY. 1969. Additional bathymetric and locality data for some opisthobranchs and an octopus from San Barbara county, California. The Veliger 12(2):220-221. PDF
LEE, R. S., & N. R. FOSTER. 1985. A distributional list with range extensions of the opisthobranch gastropods of Alaska. The Veliger 27(4):440-448. PDF
MACFARLAND, F. M. 1905. A preliminary account of the Dorididae of Monterey Bay, California. Proceedings of the Biological Society, Washington 18:35-54. PDF
MACFARLAND, F. M. 1906. Opisthobranchiate Mollusca from Monterey Bay, California, and vicinity. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries 25:109-151, pls. XVIII-XXXI. PDF
MACFARLAND, F. M. 1925. The Acanthodorididae of the California coast. The Nautilus 39(2):49-65, pls. II-III. PDF
MACFARLAND, F. M. 1926. The Acanthodorididae of the California coast. The Nautilus 39(3):94-103. PDF
McDONALD, G. R. 1970. Range extensions for Acanthodoris hudsoni MacFarland, 1905, and Onchidoris bilamellata (Linnaeus, 1767). The Veliger 12(3):375. PDF
MCDONALD, G. R. 1975a. Key D: Sacoglossa and Nudibranchia, pp. 522-542, pls. 121-123. In: Ralph Ingram Smith & James T. Carlton (Eds.). Light's manual, intertidal invertebrates of the central California coast, xviii + 716 pp., 156 pls. University of California Press.
MCDONALD, G. R. 1977. A review of the nudibranchs of the California coast, ix + 373 pp. M.A. thesis, California State University, Hayward. PDF
McCDONALD, G. R. 1983. A review of the nudibranchs of the California coast. Malacologia 24(1-2):114-276. PDF
MCDONALD, G. R., & J. W. NYBAKKEN. 1980. Guide to the nudibranchs of California, including most species found from Alaska to Oregon, 72 pp., 112 photos. American Malacologists.
NYBAKKEN, J. W. 1978. Abundance, diversity and temporal variability in a California intertidal nudibranch assemblage. Marine Biology 45(2):129-146.
O'DONOGHUE, C. H. 1921. Nudibranchiate Mollusca from the Vancouver Island region. Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute 13(1):147-209, pls. VII-XII [I-V]. PDF
O'DONOGHUE, C. H. 1922a. Notes on the nudibranchiate Mollusca from the Vancouver Island region. III. Records of species and distribution. Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute 14(1):145-167, pls. V-VI. PDF
O'DONOGHUE, C. H. 1926. A list of the nudibranchiate Mollusca recorded from the Pacific coast of North America, with notes on their distribution. Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute 15(2):199-247. PDF
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ROLLER, R. A. 1970a. A supplement to the annotated list of opisthobranchs from San Luis Obispo county, California. The Veliger 12(4):482-483. PDF
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SPHON, G. G. 1972a. An annotated checklist of the nudibranchs and their allies from the west coast of North America. Opisthobranch Newsletter 4(10-11):53-79. PDF
STATE WATER RESOURCES CONTROL BOARD. 1979. California marine waters areas of special biological significance. Reconnaissance survey report. Duxbury Reef Reserve and extension Marin County. State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Planning & Research, Surveillance & Monitoring Section. Water Quality Monitoring Report No. 79-14, iii + 48 pp. PDF
STEINBERG, J. E. 1963a. Notes on the opisthobranchs of the west coast of North America—IV. A distributional list of opisthobranchs from Point Conception to Vancouver Island. The Veliger 6(2):68-75. PDF
TURNER, T. 1978. Adaptive significance of foot forms and types of locomotion in opisthobranchs, x + 66 pp. M.A. thesis, California State University, Hayward. PDF
Additional Info 2
Sources and Credits
- (c) Gary McDonald, all rights reserved, uploaded by Gary McDonald
- (c) Gary McDonald, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)
More Info
iNat Map
| Classification | Doridina |
|---|---|
| Rhinophores | perfoliate |
| Body | doridiform |
| Dorsum | with conical tubercles |
| Labial tentacles | large & auriculate & extending nearly to edge of dorsum |
