alt3a's Identifications
Photos / Sounds
What
Tripos lineatusObserver
lamawebberDescription
Tripos lineatus (Ehrenb. 1854) F. Gómez, comb. nov. (Gómez, F., 2013)
Previously called Neoceratium lineatum (Ehrenberg) F. Gomez, D. Moreira & P. Lopez-Garcia 2010
Class, Dinophyceae; Subclass, Peridiniphycidae; Order, Gonyaulacales; Family, Ceratiaceae; Genus, Tripos
Light microscopic (LM) image of the dinoflagellate Tripos lineatus (taxonomic synonym of Ceratium lineatum (Ehrenberg) Cleve 1899).
Tripos lineatus looks similar to Tripos furca (Ehrenb. 1834) F. Gómez, comb. nov., but T. lineatum is smaller, the hypotheca between the antapical horns is almost parallel to the cingulum, and the long apical horn emerges distinctively from the epitheca. The body shape is “pentagonal” (Plankton*net 2012), notably the the cingulum area is broad relative to T. furca. The two antapical horns are straight but diverge slightly, the right horn longer than the left. Many yellow-brown chloroplasts. Cells are reported to be 70-180 µm long and 25-45 µm wide (Hoppenrath et al. 2009): this cell is 209 µm long and 63 µm wide.
Methods: Collected by plankton net from Trincomali Channel, N 48º 56.141’, W 123º 30.706’, west side of Galiano Island, Southern Gulf Islands, British Columbia, Canada, January 21, 2006. Live image of the cell on a slide. Imaging with a Leitz Diavert and a Nikon CoolPix 4500 camera.
Many thanks to Dr. Mona Hoppenrath, then at the Dept. of Botany, University of British Columbia (UBC) for confirming the species in this image and taxonomic discussions. Thank you Kiyo Okuda for the boat trips on Trincomali Channel. In collaboration with Dr. Elaine Humphrey, a previous Director of the UBC Bioimaging Facility.
References:
Wendy Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org; searched on March 26, 2020.
PLANKTON*NET data provider at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, a World-wide electronic publication, searched June 2, 2012: http://planktonnet.awi.de/#content
Gómez, F. (2013). Reinstatement of the dinoflagellate genus Tripos to replace Neoceratium, marine species of Ceratium (Dinophyceae, Alveolata). CICIMAR Oceánides, 28(1): 1-22.
Gómez, F., Moreira, D. & López-Garcia, P. (2010). Neoceratium gen. nov., a new genus for all marine species currently assigned to Ceratium (Dinophyceae). Protist 161: 35-54.
Al-Kandari, M., Al-Yamani, F.Y., Al-Rifaie, K. (2009). Marine Phytoplankton Atlas of Kuwait’s Waters. p. 161. plate 9C. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait.
Hoppenrath, M., Elbrachter, M., Drebes, G. (2009) Marine Phytoplankton, Selected microphytoplankton species from the North Sea around Helgoland and Sylt. p.175. fig. 70. h-j. E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbunchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany.
Karen A. Steidinger in collaboration with Karl Tangen, (1997). Dinoflagellates. In: Identifying Marine Phytoplankton. (Tomas, C.R. Eds). San Diego: Academic Press.
Dodge, J.D. (1982). Marine dinoflagellates of the British Isles. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
Photos / Sounds
Observer
lamawebberDescription
Genus: Cylindrotheca Rabenhorst, 1859, nom. cons. (Guiry & Guiry 2023)
Holotype species: Cylindrotheca gerstenbergeri Rabenhorst 1859: no.81
type species: Cylindrotheca gracilis (Brébisson ex Kützing) Grunow
Taxonomic notes on the genera:
Phylum Bacillariophyta
Subphylum Bacillariophytina
Class Bacillariophyceae
Subclass Bacillariophycidae
Order Bacillariales
Family Bacillariaceae
Genus Cylindrotheca (Guiry & Guiry 2023)
Genus Characteristics:
- Needle like, straight or arcuate (shaped like a bow or curved)
- Frustules cylindrical, round and narrow: fusiform (tapering at both ends; spindle-shaped)
- Apical ends slightly expanded (SEM and LM images, see Round et al. 1990 and personal observation)
- Frustules twisted about the apical axis, so valve and girdle follow spiral course around the cell, thus rotating when in motion through sediment (The frustule of C. gracilis is highly twisted)
- Very weakly silicified
- Striae irregular if present
- Raphe subtended by numerous thin, rib-like fibulae
- Central raphe ending present or absent, raphe is continuous.
- Central endings are straight and very slightly expanded
- Girdle bands numerous and narrow, lightly silicified strips
- Valves appear to be hyaline in LM
- Plastids two (C. closterium) to many
- Widely distributed in the marine epsilon of marine habitats, rarely freshwater (C. gracilis)
- Only C. closterium is commonly found in the plankton
- Small number of species (four), but abundant in coastal waters (Round et al. 1990: 626-627, Hasle & Syvertsen 1996: 293, Spaulding and Edlund 2008, Plinski and Witkowski 2020).
Species:
Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenberg) Reimann & J. C. Lewin 1964 (Guiry & Guiry 2021), previously Nitzschia closterium (Ehrenberg) W.Smith 1853 (Hendey 1964: 263, Pl. XXI, fig. 8), Basionym: Ceratoneis closterium Erhenberg.
Characteristics: Valves curved or almost straight, length 30-400 µm (100-150 µm usual range, width 2-8 µm, fibulate fine 12-37 µm) (Hasle & Syvertsen 1996: 293, Bérard-Therriault et al. 1999, Hoppenrath et al. 2009: Fig 46:p & q, Plinski and Witkowski 2020: 121-122, Guiry & Guiry 2021)
Summary:
According to Plinski and Witkowski (2020) the size and width range are similar in both C. closterium and C. gracilis, however the valves of the latter genus are spirally twisted throughout the frustule and more straight than C. closterium. Cylindrotheca closterium is cosmopolitan, planktonic and common on seaweeds, sediments (epipelic) and polar ice (Round et al. 1990, Hasle & Syvertsen 1996).
Location and file names:
Cylindrotheca closterium is common to Salish Sea coastal marine waters (Cupp 1943: 200, Fig. 153, Shim 1976: 188, Pl. 3, Fig. 7, Tynii 1986, Waters et al. 1992: 7, Maher et al. 2010).
Methods:
Collected by 60 or 20 µm plankton net from Porlier Pass, Galiano Island, August 22, 2010.
Live specimens were imaged with a Leitz Dialux or Leitz Diavert with phase contrast or bright-field. Light microscopy, taxonomy and identifications by Mark Webber.
References:
Bérard-Therriault, L., Poulin, M. & Bossé, L. (1999). Guide d'identification du phytoplancton marin de l'estuaire et du Golfe du Saint-Laurent incluant également certains protozoaires. Publication Spéciale Canadienne des Sciences Halieutiques et Aquatiques 128: 1-387.
Cupp, E. E., 1943. Marine Plankton Diatoms of the West Coast of North America. University of california Press, Los Angeles. p. 200-201.
Guiry, M.D. in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2020. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org; searched on November 17, 2023.
Hasle, G.R. & Syvertsen, E.E. (1996). Marine diatoms. In: Identifying Marine Phytoplankton. (Tomas, C.R. Eds). San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 292-294.
Hendey, N. I. (1964). An Introductory Account of the Smalller Algae of British Coastal Waters. Part V: Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms). Her Majesty’s Stationary Office. London.
Hoppenrath, M., Elbrächter, M. & Drebes, G. (2009). Marine phytoplankton Selected microphytoplankton species from the North Sea around Helgoland and Sylt. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. pp. 108-109. Fig 46: p & q.
Jahn, R. & Kusber, W. H. (2005). Reinstatement of the genus Ceratoneis Ehrenberg and lectotypification of its type specimen: C. closterium Ehrenberg. Diatom Research 20(2): 295-304.
Reimann, B. E. F., & Lewin, J. C. 1964. The diatom genus Cylindrotheca Rabenhorst. Journal
of the Royal Microscopical Society 83:283-296.
Round, F.E.,Crawford, R.M. & Mann, D.G. (1990), The Diatoms, Biology & Morphology of the Genera, pp. 620-621. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Saunders, K., Lane, C., Cook, S., McMinn, A., & Hallegraeff, G. Benthic Diatoms: in Jameson, I. & Hallegraeff, G.M. (2010). Planktonic diatoms. In: Algae of Australia. Phytoplankton of temperate waters. (Hallegraeff, G.M., Bolch, C.J.S., Hill, D.R.A., Jameson, I, LeRoi, J.-M., McMinn, A., Murray, S., de Salas, M.F. & Saunders, K. Eds), pp. 89. fig 3.3B. Canberra & Melbourne: ABRS; CSIRO Publishing.
Shim, J. H. (1976). Distribution and Taxonomy of Planktonic Marine Diatoms in the Strait of Georgia, B.C. Phd. Thesis, UBC. p. 186. p. 246 Plate XXIV. FIG. 11.
Spaulding, S., Edlund, M. (2008). Nitzschia. In Diatoms of North America. Retrieved November 29, 2020, from https://diatoms.org/genera/nitzschia
Spaulding, S., Edlund, M. (2008). Cylindrotheca. In Diatoms of North America. Retrieved November 18, 2023, from https://diatoms.org/genera/cylindrotheca
Waters, R. E., Brown, L. N. and Robson, M. G. (1992). Phytoplankton of Esquimalt Lagoon, British Columbia: Comparison with West Vancouver Island Coastal and Offshore Waters. Canadian Technical Report of Hydrography and Ocean Sciences 137.
Photos / Sounds
What
Tripos lineatusObserver
lamawebberDescription
Tripos lineatus (Ehrenb. 1854) F. Gómez, comb. nov. (Gómez, F., 2013)
Previously called Neoceratium lineatum (Ehrenberg) F. Gomez, D. Moreira & P. Lopez-Garcia 2010
Class, Dinophyceae; Subclass, Peridiniphycidae; Order, Gonyaulacales; Family, Ceratiaceae; Genus, Tripos
Light microscopic (LM) image of the dinoflagellate Tripos lineatus (taxonomic synonym of Ceratium lineatum (Ehrenberg) Cleve 1899).
Tripos lineatus looks similar to Tripos furca (Ehrenb. 1834) F. Gómez, comb. nov., but T. lineatum is smaller, the hypotheca between the antapical horns is almost parallel to the cingulum, and the long apical horn emerges distinctively from the epitheca. The body shape is “pentagonal” (Plankton*net 2012), notably the the cingulum area is broad relative to T. furca. The two antapical horns are straight but diverge slightly, the right horn longer than the left. Many yellow-brown chloroplasts. Cells are reported to be 70-180 µm long and 25-45 µm wide (Hoppenrath et al. 2009): this cell is 209 µm long and 63 µm wide.
Methods: Collected by plankton net from Trincomali Channel, N 48º 56.141’, W 123º 30.706’, west side of Galiano Island, Southern Gulf Islands, British Columbia, Canada, January 21, 2006. Live image of the cell on a slide. Imaging with a Leitz Diavert and a Nikon CoolPix 4500 camera.
Many thanks to Dr. Mona Hoppenrath, then at the Dept. of Botany, University of British Columbia (UBC) for confirming the species in this image and taxonomic discussions. Thank you Kiyo Okuda for the boat trips on Trincomali Channel. In collaboration with Dr. Elaine Humphrey, a previous Director of the UBC Bioimaging Facility.
References:
Wendy Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org; searched on March 26, 2020.
PLANKTON*NET data provider at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, a World-wide electronic publication, searched June 2, 2012: http://planktonnet.awi.de/#content
Gómez, F. (2013). Reinstatement of the dinoflagellate genus Tripos to replace Neoceratium, marine species of Ceratium (Dinophyceae, Alveolata). CICIMAR Oceánides, 28(1): 1-22.
Gómez, F., Moreira, D. & López-Garcia, P. (2010). Neoceratium gen. nov., a new genus for all marine species currently assigned to Ceratium (Dinophyceae). Protist 161: 35-54.
Al-Kandari, M., Al-Yamani, F.Y., Al-Rifaie, K. (2009). Marine Phytoplankton Atlas of Kuwait’s Waters. p. 161. plate 9C. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait.
Hoppenrath, M., Elbrachter, M., Drebes, G. (2009) Marine Phytoplankton, Selected microphytoplankton species from the North Sea around Helgoland and Sylt. p.175. fig. 70. h-j. E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbunchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany.
Karen A. Steidinger in collaboration with Karl Tangen, (1997). Dinoflagellates. In: Identifying Marine Phytoplankton. (Tomas, C.R. Eds). San Diego: Academic Press.
Dodge, J.D. (1982). Marine dinoflagellates of the British Isles. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
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