A novel species of Dictyonema was used by the Waorani as a hallucinogen. They called the lichen Ne/ne/ndape/ and used it in shamanistic rituals (Davis and Yost 1983).

Quote:

Dictyonema sp. HALLUCINOGEN Waorani

Area: Eastern Ecuador

Notes: last used ca. 1900, but formerly used in shamanistic ritual. Caused severe headaches and confusion. Very rare.

Davis, EW; Yost, JA. 1983. Novel hallucinogens from eastern Ecuador. Botanical Museum Leaflets (Peabody Museum) 29 (3): 291-295. **

UPDATE: Recently described as a new species, Dictyonema huaorani See www.jjh.cz/upload/24687.pdf. Many thanks to Cora