Denver EcoFlora Project's Journal

Heuchera, also known as alumroot or coral bells, are often found growing on rocky cliffs or in boulder crevices. There are about 37 species of Heuchera worldwide, with four species occurring in the greater metro area. Their attractive foliage makes them a favorite in cultivated gardens as well. Heuchera are members of the Saxifragaceae family – in fact, the name saxifrage literally means “stone-breaker” and may refer to the fact that many species within this family occur on rock faces.

The species found in the greater metro area are: H. bracteata, H. hallii, H. parvifolia, and H. richardsonii. Our Heuchera have palmately lobed, basal leaves, and rather small flowers with five, white to pale yellow petals. While H. bracteata and H. parvifolia are fairly common, H. hallii and H. richardsonii are a bit harder to find. Heuchera hallii is even endemic to central Colorado, where it is found in pine forests.

Heuchera richardsonii is an eastern relictual species (aka with the majority of its distribution in the east, only with a few remaining populations in Colorado). It is rare on cliff faces or in pine forests near Castle Rock and in the Black Forest. Heuchera richardsonii is so rare that no observations of this species in Colorado have ever been made on iNaturalist – scavenger hunt, anyone?

Another rare species, Telesonix jamesii, is often mistaken for Heuchera because of a similar vegetative growth pattern, but is quite distinct in having bright pink flowers. Telesonix is also rare in Colorado, where it is found on rocky granite outcroppings along the Front Range and easily mistaken for Heuchera bracteate when not in bloom.

See if you can locate a Heuchera or two, or even the rare Telesonix! Help Denver Botanic Gardens document the diversity of Heuchera in the greater metro area by photographing as many plants as possible in the month of June. Post your findings to iNaturalist so they will automatically be added to the Denver EcoFlora Project.

Heuchera parvifolia:

WHAT IS AN ECOQUEST?
EcoQuests, part of the Denver EcoFlora project, challenge citizens to become citizen scientists and observe, study, and conserve the native plants of the City via iNaturalist, an easy-to-use mobile app.

HOW DO I GET STARTED?

1. Download the iNaturalist app or register online at iNaturalist.org
2. Take photos of the plants in bloom that you find on your daily neighborhood walk. It is ok if they are weeds! But avoid taking photos of cultivated plants in gardens or in your home.
3. If you are concerned about revealing the location of sensitive organisms or observations at your own house, you can hide the exact location from the public by changing the "geoprivacy" of the observation to "obscured."
4. Post your findings on iNaturalist via the app
5. Your observations will automatically be added to the Denver EcoFlora Project
6. You can add an identification to your photo when you post your findings on iNaturalist, or leave it blank for others to identify.

WHAT IS THE GOAL?
The EcoFlora project is designed to meaningfully connect citizens with biodiversity, and to assemble novel observations and data on the metro area’s flora to better inform policy decisions and conservation strategies.

Milkweeds (Asclepias sp.) are one of the most common, showy flowers now blooming in the greater metro area. Milkweeds are easily identifiable – they have sepals and petals, but they also have an elaborate corona, usually comprised of a “horn” and “hood.” Milkweeds also have opposite leaves and a milky sap. There are 10 species of Asclepias found in the greater metro area, but Asclepias speciosa (showy milkweed) is our most common species.

Milkweeds are the sole food source for monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) caterpillars. Although milkweeds are toxic to most insects, monarch caterpillars can eat the leaves and store the toxins in their bodies, in turn making them toxic as well. Once these caterpillars have developed into butterflies, they then drink the nectar from the milkweed flowers for food. And in drinking this nectar, the butterfly’s foot sometimes slips into a structure of the corona called the stigmatic slit, within which lies a ball of sticky pollen called pollinia. This pollinia then becomes attached to the butterfly, traveling with it as it moves on to the next flower, where it is again deposited into another stigmatic slit, thus completing the act of pollination. And pollination ensures that the milkweed will produce fruit and seeds for the next generation. It’s a win-win for milkweed and monarchs!

Monarch butterflies migrate an astounding 6,000 miles each year, roundtrip from Mexico to Canada, through successive generations (it will take 3-4 generations before they reach Canada from Mexico). And as they migrate, monarchs lay eggs on milkweeds before dying. Migrating monarchs are divided into two populations – with the eastern one east of the Rocky Mountains and the western one west of the Rocky Mountains. In Colorado, our monarchs are part of the eastern population. Both populations have experienced recent severe declines in numbers – the eastern population has dropped by more than 80% in the past two years, and the western by 99.9% since 1980, bringing it near the brink of extinction.

One reason for the decline in monarchs is the loss of milkweeds across its range –loss of habitat and herbicide application have all led to a decrease in milkweed numbers. However, you can help the monarchs by planting a milkweed or two in your own garden!

Help Denver Botanic Gardens document monarchs and milkweed in the greater metro area by photographing as many plants and caterpillars (or even monarch butterflies!) as possible in the month of July. Post your findings to iNaturalist so they will automatically be added to the Denver EcoFlora Project and the July EcoQuest project.

Asclepias speciosa:

WHAT IS AN ECOQUEST?
EcoQuests, part of the Denver EcoFlora project, challenge citizens to become citizen scientists and observe, study, and conserve the native plants of the City via iNaturalist, an easy-to-use mobile app.

HOW DO I GET STARTED?
Download the iNaturalist app or register online at iNaturalist.org
Take photos of the plants in bloom that you find on your daily neighborhood walk. It is ok if they are weeds! But avoid taking photos of cultivated plants in gardens or in your home.
If you are concerned about revealing the location of sensitive organisms or observations at your own house, you can hide the exact location from the public by changing the "geoprivacy" of the observation to "obscured."
Post your findings on iNaturalist via the app
Your observations will automatically be added to the Denver EcoFlora Project
You can add an identification to your photo when you post your findings on iNaturalist, or leave it blank for others to identify.

WHAT IS THE GOAL?
The EcoFlora project is designed to meaningfully connect citizens with biodiversity, and to assemble novel observations and data on the metro area’s flora to better inform policy decisions and conservation strategies.