Michigan Macrofunga Project's Journal

Going through his backlogs, @megachila recently posted an observation of a strange mushroom that looked like little inflated (and some collapsed) balloons on stems. After requesting the attention of heavyweight mycologists, it was identified as Physalacria inflata. This species confounded taxonomists for centuries, according to the Forest Floor Narrative blog. DNA evidence has put it solidly in Physalacriaceae, a family that includes typical gilled mushrooms such as the honey mushrooms (Armillaria spp.). This appears to be the first observation of P. inflata from Michigan on iNaturalist, and it has only been observed three times in the state on Mushroom Observer. Great job @megachile!

Today we celebrate United State's 243^th birthday as well as @koinpro 's 67 observations of Polyporus squamosus. @koinpro has the most observations of P. squamosus... in the world! This melony mushroom is also Michigan's most popular fungus on iNaturalist with 324 confirmed observations. P. squamosus is considered an edible fungus, although I have never prepared it in a way that was satisfying. Regardless, it is a pleasant sight in the spring because it marks the beginning of mushroom season and the fact that morels could be afoot.

Do you eat this mushroom and have a good recipe to share? What do you like about it?

In my opinion, turkey tail (Trametes versicolor) is the most misapplied fungus name on iNaturalist. At one point, it was almost as commonly observed as Polyporus squamosus, the top observed species in Michigan. As I identified these observations (i.e., called the majority of things Trametes sp., Polyporales, or Agaricomycetes), I was convinced that a quick reference – or at least strong words of caution - were needed to bring enlightenment to this fowl situation.

Trametes constitutes a genus of thin, polyporoid fungi, typically with concentric zones of color and fuzziness. While everything gets labelled as T. versicolor, there are actually 18 species in North America, and an estimated 50 species globally (Justo and Hibbett, 2011)! In northeastern North America, MushroomExpert.Com (Kuo, 2017) discusses six common Trametes species:

• Trametes elegans
• Trametes hirsuta
• Trametes ochracea
• Trametes pubescens
• Trametes versicolor
• Trametes villosa

Justo and Hibbett (2011) include four species in the T. versicolor group (supposedly ones that are closely related and also easily misidentified as one another): three that are showcased by Michael Kuo, T. ochracea, T. pubescens, and T. versicolor, as well as a fourth that he does not mention, T. ectypa. All require closer attention to detail for a positive identification than is typically reserved for polypores, specifically characteristics such as pores per mm and cap fuzziness. It is made all the more challenging when — true to its name — T. versicolor is so versatile in its coloration.

Beyond Trametes, a whole suite of genera appear similar to turkey tail without close inspection, which unfortunately is the norm for polypore observations on iNaturalist rather than the exception. These include species in the crust genus Stereum (in the order Russulales!) as well as other polypore genera such as Cerrena, Coriolopsis, and Daedaleopsis. If you need more convincing that T. versicolor identification is not cut and dried, do a quick Google search for Coriolopsis - from the top, these look a whole lot like T. versicolor!

When you are looking to identify a turkey tail mushroom, for starters check out the Trametes versicolor key at MushroomExeprt.Com. Next time you spot a specimen in this truly common but wholly taxonomically misapplied group, take a few more moments to appreciate and photograph those small details, especially the pore surface.

References

Justo, A., & Hibbett, D. S. (2011). Phylogenetic classification of Trametes (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) based on a five-marker dataset. Taxon, 60(6), 1567–1583. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.606003

Kuo, M. (2017, November). Trametes versicolor. Retrieved from the MushroomExpert.Com Web site: http://www.mushroomexpert.com/trametes_versicolor.html