December 6, 2023

Second Project Update, 25 Nov 2023

Hello Everyone,

Here’s another update from the Lepidoptera Nectar Plants Project. Thanks once again to all for adding your observations to the project. I know many of you have taken particular interest in the two Lepidoptera projects, and have gone back and added years’ worth of your observations to them. Also, special thanks to those who have not only added their own observations but also others’ observations to the project. All your efforts have led to the data that has enabled this update.

We had initially intended this update for end of October, but it got delayed by a month. In hindsight, I am only glad about the delay because we could include many more observations and take in ideas and inputs from many. We’d like to thank Siddharth (@siddarthmachado), Radha (@radhaveach), Dinesh (@dineshvalke), Shiwalee (@shiwalee) and Chandra (@csbandi) for their numerous suggestions, plant identifications and feedback. Thanks also to Roger (@hkmoths), Haneesh (@haneesh) and Veena (@veenas) for their keen interest in these Plant-Lepidoptera interactions and for their ideas and feedback after the last update (and elsewhere). We’ve worked on as many of those inputs as we could here and have planned others for later when we have more observations to work with. We welcome more ideas from all.

The data used for the update was downloaded on 25 November. We have close to 3000 total observations covering more than 260 Lepidoptera species and 330 Plant groups from 47 different plant families. However, while 3000 observations are not insignificant, we can only imagine the scope of the project when we have hundreds of thousands of observations under it (there are more than 580,000 Lepidoptera observations on iNat). Any effort towards adding more observations, old and new, would be appreciated.

Let’s begin by looking at a map of all the observations so far. This time, we’ve included Lepidoptera Species count as well. We've gathered observations from more parts of the country since the last update, and there are many more to be added.



Here are some Plant Genera that Lepidoptera were observed interacting most commonly with. We’ve included the top plant genera with at least 20 observations.



Next are some plant species that Lepidoptera were observed interacting most commonly with. We’ve categorized plant species based on whether they are ‘Native’, ‘Introduced’ or ‘Invasive’. The same colours are used in other plots where plant establishment means are showcased.



Up next is the number of Lepidoptera observations seen at Plant Family level. From the previous plot, we can see the few plants that contribute heavily to these numbers.



Here are the most commonly seen Lepidoptera Species. We’ve included species with at least 20 observations.



Up next are the total observations seen at Lepidoptera Family level:



Lepidoptera Family-wise interactions with the top plants (total number of observations, and including any plant with at least ten observations). We are probably beginning to see some trends in nectar plant 'selection' at the family level? And this may have to do with traits that are unique to the group, including perhaps length of proboscis or access to nectar, habitat/range of the species, etc? This comparison will be interesting in future updates. Numbers in parentheses are the total number of observations per Lepidoptera Family.



Next up, Moth species and their Plant interactions seen so far. We need to look out for and add many more moth observations.



Here are the top few Lepidoptera Species and the number of Unique Plant Genera they were seen interacting with:



The following plots were based on Gaurav's (@gs5) idea of also wanting to see Lepidoptera Species and not only Total Observations against some of the top plants, both at Plant Genus and Family level. The idea was to see how many unique Lepidoptera groups (species, genera, occasionally tribe) interact with the plants, and what Lepidoptera species overlap, for example, between Lantana or Tridax and Leea.





See the network plot below between Lantana and Leea, as an example; there are some species that overlap, many that don't. Of course, we may not have enough data at the moment to see interactions at this level, or there are other biases at play including the fact that Leea are far more common in the Western Ghats while Lantana are widespread and often thrive in the drier regions too. Eventually, it'll be good if we can see whether Lantana is in any way more "favourable" when compared to other native plant species (specific plant traits such as abundance of plant, flower colour, flowering duration, etc may play a role?). And try and understand the underlying factors influencing Lantana-Lepidoptera interactions aside from the prevalence of the group, and if Lantana (at least the 'invasive' species) are "replaceable". 3000 observations may not be sufficient to do this but imagine this with about 100,000 observations.


In this network plot, the Lepidoptera are categorized at their family level. For those unfamiliar with such plots, it may seem confusing or messy initially, but the Lepidoptera in the middle are those that were observed drawing nectar from both Lantana and Leea. In the future, we’ll try some similar comparisons but perhaps at more specific regional levels, and/or more ‘Introduced’ vs ‘Native’ plant interactions.



A couple more network plots of the top Lepidoptera-Plant interactions, one at Plant Family level and the other at Plant Genus/Species. These plots are inherently messy, but I hope they showcase the inter-connectedness within the interactions.



And another network of the three Metro regions (I’ve taken the liberty here to combine the two Paraganas around the Kolkata region, sorry). This is just to demonstrate the interactions, and the potential for such comparisons when there’s more data.



Thanks to inputs from many, we have some ideas that we would like to work on going forward. These include further documenting Plant Establishment data. We’d also like to try and study how Lepidoptera ‘select’ the plants they visit for nectar, and see whether Plant Traits (flower colour, etc) play a role in this. We’d like to understand Lepidoptera habitats and distribution better too, and map these interactions against habitat categories (Urban/Non-Urban/Wild Forests/Scrub/Grassland/Aquatic/Desert). A lot of this can be done in the background by building a database of sorts, and without additional documentation by the observer.

However, we think it is important to understand whether plants that are being ‘selected’ by Lepidoptera are Cultivated or Growing in the Wild, especially in urban/semi-urban spaces. For this data, we’ll need the observer to document whether the plant is cultivated or not, to the best of their understanding. This can be accomplished by an additional ‘Observation Field’ along with the existing one for the Nectar Plant. We understand the limitations in adding observation fields from the iNat app, but this data might be useful and provide us with another means to look at these interactions. I’d welcome any inputs from the community, and to know if you’re okay with this additional step.

In the longer term, and including larval host plants, we’d like to work on a database that allows anyone to feed in a location (Mumbai, Kolkata, etc) or Insect name (Junonia, etc) and get a list of all the Plants (categorized by their establishment status) that occur in the region and those that support that group of insects. This database would work from the Plants' perspective too; we could input a Plant name, and get results for all the Insects that the plant supports. This may help plan our gardens better, or simply know what the right kind of plants may be to grow wherever we are. Such a database has a lot of potential to be tied to other insect groups, and so on. This would, of course, make sense when we have a lot more data.

As with the previous update, I’m including a full table of all the data at the end, this time grouped by the Plant status- Native, Introduced + Invasive, and plant groups that cannot be or haven’t yet been categorized.

If you made it this far (congrats!), please let us know if you have any thoughts and questions, any other ideas for us to try (and if possible, we’ll add them to this update itself), or give us feedback in general.

 

Native Plants' Interactions



Adenosma indiana, 1 Clerodendrum infortunatum, 15 Glycosmis pentaphylla, 1 Millettia pinnata, 16 Pogostemon quadrifolius, 3
Pseudozizeeria maha Catopsilia pomona Baorini  Borbo cinnara Euchromia polymena
Adelocaryum coelestinum, 1 Danaus genutia Grona triflora, 1 Catochrysops strabo Macroglossum 
Parantica aglea Eurema hecabe Zizina otis Catopsilia pomona Tirumala septentrionis
Allium tuberosum, 2 Hypolimnas bolina Hellenia speciosa, 3 Euploea core Premna, 1
Cigaritis vulcanus Junonia atlites Euploea core Hasora chromus Graphium agamemnon
Suastus gremius Leptosia nina Rathinda amor Hydrillodes  Premna serratifolia, 1
Alstonia scholaris, 10 Pachliopta aristolochiae Udaspes folus Jamides bochus Euploea core
Baorini  Pachliopta pandiyana Impatiens balsamina, 3 Lampides boeticus Pterocarpus marsupium, 1
Delias eucharis Papilio clytia Hebomoia glaucippe Leptotes plinius Pachliopta hector
Euploea klugii Papilio demoleus Papilio agenor Pelopidas  Rotala malampuzhensis, 1
Graphium agamemnon Papilio polytes Parantica aglea Prosotas dubiosa Helicoverpa armigera
Graphium doson Pareronia hippia Impatiens minor, 1 Prosotas nora Rotheca serrata, 1
Hasora chromus Pelopidas agna Eurema hecabe Tajuria cippus Cupitha purreea
Hypolimnas bolina Quedara basiflava Indigofera, 2 Talicada nyseus Ruellia prostrata, 1
Moduza procris Troides minos Freyeria putli Telicota bambusae Zizula hylax
Pachliopta aristolochiae Clerodendrum paniculatum, 17 Leptotes plinius Zesius chrysomallus Santalum album, 2
Tirumala limniace Catopsilia pomona Ipomoea parasitica, 1 Millingtonia hortensis, 1 Amata cyssea
Alternanthera sessilis, 12 Delias eucharis Papilio polytes Troides minos Euploea core
Castalius rosimon Hebomoia glaucippe Ixora coccinea, 12 Mitragyna parvifolia, 1 Sapindus laurifolius, 1
Chilades lajus Menelaides  Catopsilia pomona Euploea core Bibasis jaina
Eretmocera impactella Pachliopta aristolochiae Gangara thyrsis Momordica charantia, 1 Senegalia catechu, 1
Euchrysops cnejus Pachliopta pandiyana Graphium agamemnon Eurema hecabe Rapala manea
Jamides celeno Papilio agenor Luthrodes pandava Momordica dioica, 1 Sesamum indicum, 2
Junonia lemonias Papilio buddha Pachliopta aristolochiae Tirumala limniace Pareronia hippia
Luthrodes pandava Papilio clytia Papilio agenor Moringa oleifera, 1 Vanessa cardui
Neptis hylas Papilio daksha Papilio demoleus Chilades lajus Sida cordata, 1
Spoladea recurvalis Papilio dravidarum Papilio paris Murdannia, 1 Arnetta vindhiana
Tarucus balkanica Papilio liomedon Papilio polytes Zizula hylax Sida rhombifolia, 2
Zizina otis Papilio paris Pareronia hippia Murraya koenigii, 6 Hypolimnas misippus
Zizula hylax Papilio polytes Pelopidas  Acraea terpsicore Leptotes plinius
Alysicarpus ovalifolius, 1 Pelopidas  Troides minos Appias lyncida Strobilanthes callosa, 3
Zizina otis Rathinda amor Justicia gendarussa, 2 Catopsilia pomona Chrysodeixis eriosoma
Alysicarpus vaginalis, 1 Troides minos Catopsilia pomona Cephrenes acalle Macroglossum 
Zizina otis Coccinia grandis, 3 Talicada nyseus Delias eucharis Sarangesa 
Asystasia gangetica, 4 Hebomoia glaucippe Kleinia grandiflora, 1 Graphium doson Tabernaemontana divaricata, 12
Celaenorrhinus leucocera Ixias pyrene Danaus chrysippus Murraya paniculata, 1 Baorini 
Junonia lemonias Pareronia hippia Leea asiatica, 1 Pygospila tyres Gangara thyrsis
Papilio crino Colebrookea oppositifolia, 1 Caleta decidia Mussaenda frondosa, 5 Graphium agamemnon
Tirumala limniace Appias albina Leea indica, 25 Catopsilia pomona Hyarotis adrastus
Azadirachta indica, 3 Combretum indicum, 3 Acytolepis puspa Cigaritis vulcanus Junonia atlites
Appias albina Hasora badra Bindahara phocides Papilio demoleus Lampides boeticus
Cepora nerissa Macroglossum  Caleta decidia Pareronia ceylanica Luthrodes pandava
Graphium doson Crotalaria pallida, 3 Caprona ransonnettii Tirumala limniace Papilio demoleus
Barleria cristata, 5 Euchrysops cnejus Castalius rosimon Neolamarckia cadamba, 2 Pareronia ceylanica
Ancistroides nigrita Jamides bochus Celaenorrhinus leucocera Moduza procris Parnara bada
Eurema hecabe Lampides boeticus Cigaritis lohita Pelopidas  Rapala manea
Gangara thyrsis Crotalaria retusa, 1 Danaus genutia Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, 2 Udaspes folus
Pareronia hippia Hasora chromus Deudorix epijarbas Dysphania percota Tectona grandis, 1
Barleria prionitis, 1 Cyanthillium cinereum, 13 Hasora badra Parantica aglea Cirrochroa thais
Hebomoia glaucippe Catopsilia pyranthe Hypolimnas bolina Ocimum tenuiflorum, 2 Tephrosia purpurea, 6
Basella alba, 3 Colotis amata Ixias pyrene Danaus genutia Acraea terpsicore
Acraea terpsicore Eurema blanda Jamides celeno Luthrodes pandava Castalius rosimon
Graphium doson Eurema brigitta Junonia atlites Oldenlandia corymbosa, 1 Catochrysops strabo
Leptosia nina Hesperiinae  Junonia iphita Zizeeria karsandra Euchrysops cnejus
Biophytum, 1 Jamides bochus Junonia lemonias Operculina ventricosa, 1 Eurema blanda
Leptosia nina Leptotes plinius Leptosia nina Pelopidas  Potanthus 
Blumea lacera, 1 Luthrodes pandava Nacaduba berenice Ophiorrhiza mungos, 2 Terminalia catappa, 1
Jamides celeno Neopithecops zalmora Neptis hylas Jamides alecto Sarbena 
Boerhavia diffusa, 2 Oriens gola Parnara bada Oriens goloides Torenia crustacea, 1
Azanus ubaldus Pseudozizeeria maha Pelopidas mathias Orthosiphon rubicundus, 1 Luthrodes pandava
Eurema hecabe Talicada nyseus Talicada nyseus Udaspes folus Tragia involucrata, 1
Bridelia stipularis, 2 Telicota bambusae Telicota bambusae Parasopubia delphiniifolia, 1 Ariadne ariadne
Euchromia polymena Dicliptera paniculata, 1 Tirumala limniace Taractrocera maevius Trianthema portulacastrum, 1
Tirumala limniace Eurema hecabe Udaspes folus Pavonia, 1 Zizula hylax
Cajanus scarabaeoides, 1 Eranthemum pulchellum, 2 Leea macrophylla, 3 Eurema blanda Trichodesma indicum, 1
Eurema brigitta Danaus genutia Discolampa ethion Pavonia odorata, 2 Pelopidas 
Calotropis gigantea Papilio polytes Oriens gola Papilio polytes Urena lobata, 7
Danaus chrysippus Eranthemum purpurascens, 3 Tagiades litigiosa Potanthus  Acraea terpsicore
Catunaregam spinosa, 2 Danaus genutia Lepidagathis cuspidata, 1 Pergularia daemia, 1 Danaus chrysippus
Badamia exclamationis Papilio polytes Sarangesa dasahara Tirumala limniace Delias eucharis
Phalanta phalantha Prosotas nora Leucas aspera, 6 Persicaria longiseta, 1 Euchrysops cnejus
Causonis trifolia, 1 Eranthemum roseum, 1 Cigaritis vulcanus Acytolepis puspa Pachliopta aristolochiae
Junonia atlites Hebomoia glaucippe Jamides celeno Persicaria runcinata, 1 Parantica aglea
Chassalia curviflora, 1 Evolvulus alsinoides, 2 Potanthus  Parantica sita Tirumala limniace
Graphium agamemnon Colotis etrida Sarangesa purendra Phyla nodiflora, 5 Celaenorrhinus ambareesa
Chrozophora rottleri, 3 Junonia lemonias Suastus gremius Acraea terpsicore Vigna radiata, 1
Appias libythea Excoecaria agallocha, 1 Taractrocera ceramas Ampittia dioscorides Jamides celeno
Castalius rosimon Parthenos sylvia Ligustrum robustum, 1 Chilades lajus Vigna vexillata, 1
Euchrysops cnejus Gloriosa superba, 6 Jamides alecto Euchrysops cnejus Baorini 
Cipadessa baccifera, 4 Catopsilia pyranthe Luffa aegyptiaca, 1 Zizeeria karsandra Vitex negundo, 2
Appias albina Pachliopta aristolochiae Parnara bada Plumbago zeylanica, 3 Badamia exclamationis
Phalanta phalantha Papilio polytes Melochia corchorifolia, 1 Papilio polytes Tirumala limniace
Prosotas nora Pareronia hippia Parnara  Tirumala limniace Ziziphus oenopolia
Rapala manea Tagiades litigiosa
Udaspes folus Hypolimnas bolina

 

Introduced (orange) and "Invasive" (red) Plants' Interactions




Acmella repens, 1 Cosmos caudatus, 1 Lantana camara, 79 Parthenium hysterophorus, 8 Papilio polytes
Eurema hecabe Euploea core Acraea terpsicore Acraea terpsicore Parantica aglea
Acmella uliginosa, 2 Cosmos sulphureus, 16 Anthene lycaenina Amata cyssea Pareronia hippia
Aeromachus pygmaeus Aethaloessa calidalis Appias libythea Belenois aurota Tagiades gana
Ampittia dioscorides Catopsilia pomona Ariadne ariadne Colotis amata Tirumala limniace
Adenium obesum, 1 Danaus chrysippus Ariadne merione Lampides boeticus Tirumala septentrionis
Borbo cinnara Euploea core Badamia exclamationis Papilio demoleus Stachytarpheta mutabilis, 1
Aerva, 1 Graphium agamemnon Baorini  Spialia galba Papilio daksha
Cigaritis  Graphium sarpedon Belenois aurota Zizeeria karsandra Synedrella nodiflora, 4
Ageratum conyzoides, 2 Hypolimnas bolina Borbo cinnara Passiflora vesicaria, 1 Leptosia nina
Euploea midamus Jamides bochus Caprona ransonnettii Castalius rosimon Luthrodes pandava
Sarangesa dasahara Junonia atlites Catochrysops strabo Pentas lanceolata, 1 Parantica aglea
Allamanda, 1 Junonia lemonias Catopsilia pomona Papilio agenor Zizula hylax
Hypolimnas bolina Luthrodes pandava Catopsilia pyranthe Petrea volubilis, 2 Tagetes erecta, 4
Allium cepa, 1 Parantica aglea Cepora nerissa Pareronia hippia Hypolimnas bolina
Talicada nyseus Pareronia hippia Cethosia mahratta Tirumala septentrionis Papilio buddha
Alternanthera bettzickiana, 1 Pelopidas  Charaxes solon Pithecellobium dulce, 1 Potanthus 
Aeromachus  Tirumala limniace Chilades parrhasius Prosotas nora Tirumala septentrionis
Alternanthera ficoidea, 12 Vindula erota Cirrochroa thais Pluchea indica, 2 Tagetes patula, 2
Belenois aurota Cucurbita maxima, 1 Colotis amata Colotis amata Danaus genutia
Castalius rosimon Hyarotis adrastus Danaus chrysippus Tarucus  Parantica aglea
Chilades lajus Cuphea, 9 Danaus genutia Podranea ricasoliana, 1 Tecoma stans, 1
Graphium doson Aeromachus pygmaeus Delias eucharis Gangara thyrsis Rapala manea
Junonia atlites Eurema blanda Deudorix epijarbas Portulaca grandiflora, 1 Thunbergia erecta, 1
Pseudozizeeria maha Hymenia perspectalis Elymnias hypermnestra Euploea core Papilio agenor
Spoladea recurvalis Junonia lemonias Euchrysops cnejus Pseuderanthemum maculatum, 7 Tithonia rotundifolia, 4
Tarucus  Leptosia nina Euploea  Catopsilia pomona Pachliopta aristolochiae
Tarucus balkanica Luthrodes pandava Euploea core Catopsilia pyranthe Papilio clytia
Ypthima huebneri Papilio polytes Euploea klugii Eurema hecabe Papilio polytes
Zizeeria karsandra Talicada nyseus Eurema  Hasora chromus Tirumala limniace
Zizina otis Ypthima huebneri Eurema hecabe Hypolimnas bolina Tribulus terrestris, 2
Anacardium occidentale, 2 Cuphea hyssopifolia, 6 Euthalia lubentina Junonia lemonias Gomalia elma
Gerosis bhagava Eurema hecabe Euthalia nais Parthenos sylvia Spoladea recurvalis
Tajuria cippus Heliophorus sena Graphium agamemnon Pseudomussaenda flava, 9 Tridax, 30
Angelonia salicariifolia, 1 Iambrix salsala Graphium doson Catopsilia pomona Acraea terpsicore
Catopsilia pomona Luthrodes pandava Graphium teredon Colotis amata Aglais caschmirensis
Antigonon leptopus, 4 Talicada nyseus Hasora badra Euchrysops cnejus Appias libythea
Cigaritis ictis Zizula hylax Hasora chromus Graphium agamemnon Belenois aurota
Danaus chrysippus Cyathocline purpurea, 2 Hebomoia glaucippe Graphium doson Castalius rosimon
Euploea core Graphium teredon Hesperiinae  Ixias pyrene Celastrina lavendularis
Jamides celeno Junonia atlites Hypolimnas bolina Macroglossum  Cepora nerissa
Arachnothryx leucophylla, 3 Dahlia coccinea, 4 Hypolimnas misippus Papilio polytes Danaus chrysippus
Catopsilia pomona Cirrochroa thais Jamides bochus Pelopidas mathias Euchrysops cnejus
Pelopidas conjuncta Danaus chrysippus Junonia almana Richardia, 4 Euploea core
Pelopidas mathias Pachliopta aristolochiae Junonia atlites Acraea terpsicore Eurema blanda
Asclepias curassavica, 7 Papilio clytia Junonia iphita Belenois aurota Eurema hecabe
Catopsilia pomona Delonix regia, 2 Junonia lemonias Cepora nerissa Gomalia elma
Danaus chrysippus Ariadne merione Lampides boeticus Euchrysops cnejus Graphium doson
Danaus genutia Delias eucharis Leptosia nina Ruellia simplex, 2 Heliophorus sena
Euploea core Duranta erecta, 16 Leptotes plinius Ancistroides nigrita Hypolimnas misippus
Jamides celeno Appias albina Luthrodes pandava Hebomoia glaucippe Junonia almana
Tirumala limniace Appias libythea Macroglossum  Salvia farinacea, 4 Junonia atlites
Tirumala septentrionis Catochrysops strabo Macroglossum stellatarum Badamia exclamationis Junonia lemonias
Bougainvillea, 6 Catopsilia pomona Melanitis leda Catopsilia  Junonia orithya
Catopsilia pomona Colotis amata Moduza procris Catopsilia pomona Leptosia nina
Papilio agenor Danaus genutia Mycalesis  Graphium agamemnon Luthrodes pandava
Papilio clytia Euchrysops cnejus Neptis hylas Samanea saman, 15 Pachliopta hector
Papilio demoleus Eurema  Pachliopta aristolochiae Appias albina Pieris canidia
Papilio polytes Eurema hecabe Pachliopta hector Belenois aurota Talicada nyseus
Pareronia hippia Graphium agamemnon Papilio agenor Catopsilia pomona Tarucus 
Caesalpinia pulcherrima, 15 Junonia iphita Papilio clytia Catopsilia pyranthe Tarucus balkanica
Castalius rosimon Leptosia nina Papilio demoleus Delias eucharis Tirumala limniace
Catopsilia pomona Leptotes plinius Papilio polytes Graphium agamemnon Ypthima huebneri
Danaus chrysippus Parantica aglea Parantica aglea Graphium doson Zizeeria karsandra
Delias eucharis Pelopidas  Pareronia hippia Hebomoia glaucippe Tridax procumbens, 46
Euploea core Tirumala limniace Parnara  Hypolimnas bolina Acraea terpsicore
Graphium agamemnon Eclipta prostrata, 3 Pelopidas  Hypolimnas misippus Ampittia dioscorides
Junonia almana Luthrodes pandava Pelopidas mathias Junonia iphita Baorini 
Junonia atlites Zizeeria karsandra Phalanta phalantha Junonia lemonias Borbo cinnara
Pachliopta aristolochiae Zizina otis Prioneris sita Neptis jumbah Castalius rosimon
Pachliopta hector Ehretia microphylla, 5 Prosotas dubiosa Papilio demoleus Catopsilia pomona
Papilio agenor Baorini  Rapala manea Papilio polytes Catopsilia pyranthe
Papilio demoleus Eurema hecabe Spilomelinae  Senna occidentalis, 3 Cepora nerissa
Papilio polytes Hasora badra Suastus gremius Azanus ubaldus Chilades lajus
Pareronia hippia Junonia atlites Telicota  Jamides bochus Chilades parrhasius
Tirumala limniace Lampides boeticus Tirumala limniace Pachliopta hector Cigaritis vulcanus
Calliandra haematocephala, 1 Euphorbia hirta, 1 Tirumala septentrionis Sida acuta, 3 Colotis amata
Gangara thyrsis Luthrodes pandava Troides minos Eurema brigitta Colotis etrida
Calyptocarpus vialis, 1 Galinsoga, 1 Vanessa cardui Eurema hecabe Danaus chrysippus
Talicada nyseus Pseudozizeeria maha Zizeeria karsandra Leptotes plinius Eretmocera impactella
Catharanthus roseus, 9 Galphimia glauca, 1 Lantana montevidensis, 8 Sphagneticola trilobata, 46 Euchrysops cnejus
Baorini  Catopsilia pomona Catopsilia pomona Acytolepis puspa Euploea core
Borbo cinnara Gomphrena globosa, 19 Euploea core Aethaloessa calidalis Eurema brigitta
Delias eucharis Acraea terpsicore Eurema hecabe Ampittia dioscorides Eurema hecabe
Hyarotis adrastus Appias libythea Graphium doson Appias albina Eurema laeta
Matapa aria Catochrysops strabo Jamides bochus Baorini  Hypolimnas misippus
Papilio clytia Catopsilia pomona Junonia iphita Bocchoris inspersalis Ixias marianne
Papilio demoleus Danaus chrysippus Parantica aglea Caleta decidia Jamides bochus
Papilio polytes Euchrysops cnejus Parnara bada Castalius rosimon Jamides celeno
Pareronia hippia Eurema blanda Lantana strigocamara, 3 Catopsilia pomona Junonia almana
Celosia argentea, 17 Eurema hecabe Badamia exclamationis Catopsilia pyranthe Junonia atlites
Caleta decidia Everes lacturnus Delias eucharis Chilades lajus Junonia hierta
Danaus chrysippus Jamides celeno Papilio polytes Coladenia indrani Junonia lemonias
Danaus genutia Junonia atlites Libidibia coriaria, 1 Colotis amata Junonia orithya
Delias eucharis Junonia hierta Hypolimnas bolina Danaus chrysippus Luthrodes pandava
Euchrysops cnejus Junonia lemonias Lippia alba, 3 Danaus genutia Pachliopta hector
Euploea core Leptosia nina Cepora nerissa Euchrysops cnejus Parnara bada
Euploea klugii Leptotes plinius Neopithecops zalmora Euploea core Pelopidas mathias
Eurema brigitta Luthrodes pandava Papilio polytes Eurema hecabe Phalanta phalantha
Eurema hecabe Neptis hylas Macroptilium atropurpureum, 1 Eurema laeta Prosotas dubiosa
Junonia almana Phalanta phalantha Jamides bochus Hymenia perspectalis Pseudozizeeria maha
Junonia iphita Tirumala limniace Malachra, 1 Hypolimnas bolina Spoladea recurvalis
Junonia lemonias Gomphrena serrata, 1 Spoladea recurvalis Hypolimnas misippus Talicada nyseus
Phalanta phalantha Tarucus balkanica Malachra capitata, 3 Jamides bochus Taractrocera maevius
Sarangesa purendra Hamelia patens, 12 Acraea terpsicore Jamides celeno Tarucus balkanica
Spialia galba Catopsilia pomona Eurema  Stachytarpheta, 46 Tarucus nara
Tarucus  Danaus chrysippus Junonia atlites Acraea terpsicore Tirumala limniace
Tirumala limniace Graphium agamemnon Mecardonia procumbens, 1 Baorini  Ypthima asterope
Cestrum diurnum, 14 Graphium doson Euchrysops cnejus Borbo  Zizeeria karsandra
Anthene lycaenina Hebomoia glaucippe Merremia hederacea, 4 Castalius rosimon Zizina otis
Badamia exclamationis Ixias pyrene Delias eucharis Catopsilia pomona Zizula hylax
Catopsilia pomona Junonia lemonias Eurema hecabe Catopsilia pyranthe Turnera subulata, 1
Danaus chrysippus Miltochrista  Junonia atlites Celaenorrhinus ambareesa Pachliopta hector
Danaus genutia Neptis hylas Tirumala limniace Cephonodes hylas Turnera ulmifolia, 10
Euploea core Papilio polytes Mesosphaerum suaveolens, 6 Danaus genutia Baorini 
Eurema  Prosotas nora Danaus chrysippus Delias eucharis Catopsilia pomona
Graphium agamemnon Tirumala septentrionis Eurema blanda Doleschallia bisaltide Euchrysops cnejus
Graphium doson Heliotropium indicum, 10 Eurema hecabe Euploea core Euploea core
Hasora chromus Celaenorrhinus ambareesa Jamides celeno Euploea klugii Eurema hecabe
Parantica aglea Danaus chrysippus Pachliopta hector Eurema hecabe Eurema laeta
Pelopidas mathias Danaus genutia Pyrausta  Graphium agamemnon Jamides bochus
Phalanta phalantha Danaus melanippus Mikania micrantha, 23 Hasora badra Jamides celeno
Tirumala limniace Euploea core Acraea terpsicore Hebomoia glaucippe Junonia atlites
Chromolaena odorata, 23 Euploea sylvester Amata  Hypolimnas bolina Udaspes folus
Acytolepis puspa Parantica melaneus Athyma perius Ixias marianne Vigna unguiculata, 1
Castalius rosimon Talicada nyseus Catopsilia pomona Ixias pyrene Euchrysops cnejus
Catochrysops strabo Tirumala limniace Danaus chrysippus Junonia almana Vinca, 2
Catopsilia pomona Utetheisa pulchelloides Danaus melanippus Junonia atlites Papilio demoleus
Cethosia cyane Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, 8 Delias eucharis Junonia hierta Polytremis lubricans
Cigaritis vulcanus Catopsilia pomona Deudorix epijarbas Junonia iphita Waltheria indica, 1
Danaus chrysippus Catopsilia pyranthe Dysphania percota Leptosia nina Pachliopta aristolochiae
Danaus genutia Papilio agenor Euchromia polymena Macroglossum  Zinnia elegans, 12
Danaus melanippus Papilio buddha Graphium doson Pachliopta aristolochiae Appias albina
Delias eucharis Papilio demoleus Hypolimnas bolina Pachliopta hector Catopsilia pomona
Delias hyparete Papilio paris Hypolycaena erylus Papilio agenor Catopsilia pyranthe
Deudorix epijarbas Papilio polytes Junonia almana Papilio clytia Cigaritis ictis
Euploea core Pareronia hippia Junonia atlites Papilio crino Delias eucharis
Euploea sylvester Hyptis, 5 Luthrodes pandava Papilio demoleus Eurema blanda
Eurema blanda Euchrysops cnejus Moduza procris Papilio polytes Graphium agamemnon
Hasora badra Eurema blanda Pantoporia hordonia Pareronia hippia Graphium doson
Junonia iphita Eurema hecabe Phalanta phalantha Parnara bada Hypolimnas bolina
Leptosia nina Pachliopta hector Rapala manea Pelopidas  Junonia iphita
Papilio clytia Tirumala limniace Tajuria cippus Pelopidas agna Pelopidas mathias
Papilio polytes Ixora finlaysoniana, 1 Tirumala limniace Pelopidas conjuncta Tirumala limniace
Rapala manea Troides minos Tirumala septentrionis Tagiades gana
Tagiades japetus Jasminum polyanthum, 5 Mimosa pudica, 5 Tagiades japetus
Tirumala limniace Euploea klugii Azanus ubaldus Talicada nyseus
Citharexylum spinosum, 1 Junonia iphita Junonia almana Telicota bambusae
Catopsilia pomona Papilio polytes Neptis hylas Telicota colon
Cleome rutidosperma, 3 Pareronia hippia Tirumala limniace Tirumala limniace
Appias libythea Udaspes folus Tirumala septentrionis Tirumala septentrionis
Eurema hecabe Jatropha gossypiifolia, 2 Muntingia calabura, 4 Udaspes folus
Luthrodes pandava Appias libythea Cepora nerissa Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, 21
Cleome viscosa, 2 Eretmocera impactella Graphium doson Acraea terpsicore
Ampittia dioscorides Jatropha integerrima, 7 Hasora chromus Belenois aurota
Eurema hecabe Catopsilia pomona Jamides celeno Catopsilia pomona
Clitoria ternatea, 3 Delias eucharis Mussaenda erythrophylla, 1 Cephonodes hylas
Celaenorrhinus ambareesa Euploea core Hebomoia glaucippe Colotis amata
Junonia lemonias Eurema blanda Nerium oleander, 5 Danaus chrysippus
Papilio demoleus Graphium agamemnon Belenois aurota Delias eucharis
Cosmos, 7 Luthrodes pandava Daphnis nerii Eurema blanda
Catopsilia pomona Tirumala limniace Eretmocera  Eurema hecabe
Danaus genutia Jatropha podagrica, 1 Euploea core Junonia atlites
Junonia atlites Tirumala limniace Jamides bochus Junonia orithya
Phalanta phalantha Lagascea mollis, 3 Oxalis corniculata, 1 Macroglossum gyrans
Pontia edusa Acraea terpsicore Pseudozizeeria maha Pachliopta aristolochiae
Talicada nyseus Danaus chrysippus Oxalis debilis, 1 Pachliopta hector
Tirumala septentrionis Eurema brigitta Eurema hecabe Papilio clytia

 

Unclassified Plants' Interactions



Acacia, 7 Cassia, 1 Papilio agenor Tirumala limniace Rhododendron, 1
Chilades lajus Catopsilia pomona Papilio clytia Tirumala septentrionis Caltoris tulsi
Cigaritis  Catharanthus, 4 Papilio demoleus Troides helena Scoparia dulcis, 1
Cigaritis ictis Catopsilia pomona Pareronia ceylanica Troides minos Chilades lajus
Deudorix epijarbas Pachliopta hector Troides minos Vagrans  Senecio, 1
Euploea core Papilio demoleus Hygrophila, 1 Vagrans egista Junonia iphita
Prosotas nora Pareronia hippia Papilio polytes Vanessa indica Senegalia, 3
Rapala manea Celosia, 7 Impatiens, 8 Vindula erota Azanus ubaldus
Acanthaceae, 1 Argynnis hyperbius Caprona ransonnettii Lantana hybrida, 1 Colotis phisadia
Junonia almana Borbo cinnara Jamides alecto Eurema brigitta Tagiades gana
Acmella, 10 Catopsilia pyranthe Menelaides  Leea, 27 Sesbania, 1
Acytolepis puspa Hasora chromus Papilio agenor Appias albina Eurema hecabe
Aeromachus pygmaeus Hypolimnas misippus Papilio polytes Arnetta vindhiana Sida, 10
Ampittia dioscorides Junonia hierta Pareronia hippia Caleta decidia Danaus genutia
Caleta decidia Junonia orithya Potanthus  Caprona ransonnettii Eurema hecabe
Catochrysops strabo Chromolaena, 3 Tagiades litigiosa Catopsilia pomona Eurema laeta
Euchrysops cnejus Asota sericea Ipomoea, 4 Catopsilia pyranthe Jamides celeno
Eurema blanda Cethosia cyane Borbo cinnara Cephrenes acalle Junonia lemonias
Eurema hecabe Euchromia polymena Chilades lajus Cepora nerissa Leptosia nina
Jamides celeno Cirsium, 3 Luthrodes pandava Cigaritis lohita Pachliopta aristolochiae
Zizina otis Borbo cinnara Udaspes folus Cigaritis vulcanus Pachliopta hector
Aeschynomene, 1 Delias eucharis Ipomopsis, 1 Cirrochroa thais Spoladea recurvalis
Eurema hecabe Euploea core Notocrypta  Danaus genutia Zizula hylax
Ageratum, 5 Citrus latifolia, 1 Ixora, 19 Deudorix epijarbas Sida ulmifolia, 1
Cigaritis vulcanus Papilio demoleus Caltoris  Eurema hecabe Junonia atlites
Danaus chrysippus Clausena, 1 Euploea core Graphium agamemnon Smithia, 1
Hesperiinae  Eretmocera  Gangara thyrsis Graphium doson Zizeeria karsandra
Lyssa zampa Cleome, 2 Graphium agamemnon Halpe porus Solidago, 5
Parantica aglea Appias libythea Hebomoia glaucippe Hypolimnas bolina Catopsilia pomona
Alternanthera, 29 Gomalia elma Junonia almana Iambrix salsala Junonia iphita
Aeromachus pygmaeus Cleome houtteana, 1 Luthrodes pandava Junonia atlites Junonia lemonias
Ampittia dioscorides Pareronia hippia Pachliopta aristolochiae Junonia iphita Symbrenthia 
Azanus jesous Clerodendrum, 12 Pachliopta hector Megisba malaya Vanessa indica
Azanus ubaldus Baorini  Papilio agenor Phalanta phalantha Spermacoce exilis, 4
Castalius rosimon Graphium agamemnon Papilio clytia Suastus gremius Aeromachus pygmaeus
Cepora nerissa Pachliopta aristolochiae Papilio demoleus Taractrocerini  Oriens goloides
Chilades lajus Papilio daksha Papilio helenus Telicota bambusae Polyommatina 
Colotis amata Papilio polytes Papilio polytes Udaspes folus Taractrocera ceramas
Eurema hecabe Pareronia ceylanica Parantica aglea Leucas, 5 Spermacoceae, 3
Gomalia elma Pareronia hippia Tagiades litigiosa Acraea terpsicore Junonia lemonias
Junonia almana Pelopidas  Troides helena Catopsilia pyranthe Neopithecops zalmora
Junonia atlites Tagiades litigiosa Troides minos Graphium teredon Ypthima asterope
Junonia iphita Troides  Vanessa cardui Pachliopta hector Sphagneticola, 7
Junonia lemonias Troides minos Jacquemontia, 1 Taractrocera ceramas Caleta roxus
Junonia orithya Vindula erota Eurema blanda Libidibia, 2 Jamides celeno
Leptosia nina Clerodendrum calamitosum, 1 Jasminum, 3 Hypolimnas bolina Junonia almana
Papilio demoleus Junonia lemonias Eurema blanda Tirumala limniace Junonia atlites
Papilio polytes Clerodendrum phlomidis, 1 Junonia atlites Ligustrum, 2 Junonia iphita
Parnara bada Papilioninae  Papilio polytes Odontoptilum angulata Junonia lemonias
Pseudozizeeria maha Clitoria, 1 Jatropha, 2 Vindula erota Tirumala limniace
Spialia galba Gangara thyrsis Catopsilia pyranthe Liliaceae, 1 Stylosanthes, 1
Talicada nyseus Convolvulaceae, 1 Graphium agamemnon Ixias pyrene Castalius rosimon
Taractrocera ceramas Jamides bochus Justicia, 12 Lippia, 1 Tabernaemontana, 1
Taractrocera maevius Crotalaria, 4 Acytolepis puspa Danaus chrysippus Papilio clytia
Tirumala limniace Celaenorrhinus fusca Castalius rosimon Luffa, 4 Tagetes, 19
Ypthima huebneri Danaus chrysippus Chilades lajus Hasora badra Ampittia dioscorides
Zizeeria karsandra Tirumala limniace Cigaritis vulcanus Hypolimnas bolina Appias libythea
Zizina otis Tirumala septentrionis Eurema brigitta Parnara  Argynnis hyperbius
Zizula hylax Croton, 1 Iambrix salsala Pelopidas mathias Catopsilia pomona
Amaranthaceae, 1 Spoladea recurvalis Ixias pyrene Mentha, 1 Cethosia biblis
Danaus chrysippus Cryptostegia, 1 Junonia hierta Tirumala septentrionis Danaus chrysippus
Amaryllidaceae, 1 Papilio polytes Megisba malaya Mesosphaerum, 5 Euploea klugii
Prorodes mimica Cucurbita, 1 Neopithecops zalmora Belenois aurota Herpetogramma 
Aster, 1 Pseudocoladenia dan Parantica aglea Danaus genutia Herpetogramma basalis
Delias eucharis Cucurbitaceae, 4 Ypthima asterope Eurema brigitta Junonia atlites
Asteraceae, 29 Baorini  Kalanchoe, 1 Pachliopta aristolochiae Junonia iphita
Aeromachus pygmaeus Borbo cinnara Graphium agamemnon Pachliopta hector Junonia lemonias
Belenois aurota Graphium doson Kleinia petraea, 4 Mikania, 1 Neptis jumbah
Borbo cinnara Leptotes plinius Danaus chrysippus Junonia lemonias Nyctemera lacticinia
Caltoris philippina Curcuma inodora, 1 Euploea core Mitracarpus, 3 Parantica aglea
Catopsilia pomona Udaspes folus Nyctemera coleta Catopsilia pyranthe Parnara 
Cigaritis vulcanus Cyanthillium, 1 Tirumala limniace Spialia galba Tirumala limniace
Colias fieldii Talicada nyseus Lantana, 77 Taractrocera maevius Tirumala septentrionis
Colotis danae Desmodium, 1 Acraea terpsicore Mussaenda, 1 Vanessa indica
Danaus genutia Luthrodes pandava Acytolepis puspa Papilio clytia Tecoma, 2
Euploea mulciber Dianthus, 1 Appias libythea Ocimum, 19 Gangara thyrsis
Eurema hecabe Luthrodes pandava Appias lyncida Appias albina Troides minos
Graphium agamemnon Dodonaea viscosa, 1 Ariadne merione Castalius rosimon Tribulus, 1
Hypolimnas bolina Hypolimnas bolina Baorini  Catochrysops strabo Spoladea recurvalis
Hypolimnas misippus Duranta, 2 Borbo cinnara Chilades lajus Tricholepis, 1
Issoria issaea Aporia agathon Caltoris  Chilades parrhasius Tirumala septentrionis
Junonia almana Parantica aglea Caltoris kumara Danaus chrysippus Trichosanthes, 1
Junonia atlites Echinacea, 3 Catopsilia  Eretmocera  Pareronia hippia
Junonia hierta Jamides bochus Catopsilia pomona Eretmocera impactella Trifolium, 2
Junonia iphita Lepidoptera  Catopsilia pyranthe Eurema hecabe Aglais caschmirensis
Junonia lemonias Talicada nyseus Celaenorrhinus leucocera Graphium agamemnon Pieris brassicae
Junonia orithya Ecliptinae, 4 Cepora nerissa Jamides bochus Turnera, 3
Leptotes plinius Junonia atlites Cethosia cyane Junonia atlites Acraea terpsicore
Oriens goloides Luthrodes pandava Cirrochroa thais Lampides boeticus Eurema hecabe
Papilio demoleus Pseudozizeeria maha Coliadinae  Leptotes plinius Suastus gremius
Parantica aglea Talicada nyseus Colotis amata Luthrodes pandava Urena, 5
Taractrocera maevius Erigeron, 1 Cupha erymanthis Pelopidas  Borbo cinnara
Tarucus  Spialia galba Danaus chrysippus Spoladea recurvalis Catopsilia pyranthe
Tirumala limniace Eupatorieae, 10 Danaus genutia Tajuria cippus Pareronia hippia
Tirumala septentrionis Baorini  Delias acalis Talicada nyseus Pieris canidia
Barleria, 1 Celaenorrhinus  Delias eucharis Orchidaceae, 1 Sarangesa dasahara
Papilio agenor Cyrestis thyodamas Delias hyparete Celaenorrhinus leucocera Utania racemosa, 1
Bidens, 7 Graphium doson Euploea  Orthosiphon , 1 Euplocia 
Eurema blanda Ideopsis similis Euploea andamanensis Papilio clytia Vernonia, 1
Iambrix salsala Rapala manea Euploea core Oxalis, 1 Talicada nyseus
Junonia iphita Tagiades japetus Eurema blanda Polytremis lubricans Vigna, 1
Parantica aglea Talicada nyseus Eurema hecabe Parthenium, 2 Celaenorrhinus ambareesa
Pseudocoladenia dan Tirumala limniace Eurema laeta Colotis amata Vitex, 2
Taractrocerini  Tirumala septentrionis Euthalia aconthea Pseudozizeeria maha Delias eucharis
Ypthima baldus Eupatorium, 10 Gangara thyrsis Parthenium integrifolium, 1 Graphium doson
Boraginaceae, 1 Appias albina Graphium agamemnon Belenois aurota Waltheria, 1
Junonia almana Cepora nadina Graphium doson Pentas, 6 Junonia hierta
Brassicaceae, 1 Cigaritis elima Graphium sarpedon Catopsilia pomona Wendlandia, 1
Jamides celeno Delias eucharis Graphium teredon Delias eucharis Tirumala septentrionis
Bridelia, 2 Eurema andersoni Hasora badra Graphium agamemnon Zinnia, 3
Euploea sylvester Lampides boeticus Hasora chromus Hypolimnas bolina Acraea terpsicore
Tirumala septentrionis Leptosia nina Hypolimnas bolina Ixias pyrene Delias eucharis
Brunfelsia, 1 Pieris canidia Hypolimnas misippus Papilio polytes Pachliopta aristolochiae
Caprona ransonnettii Tagiades gana Ixias marianne Persicaria, 1 Ziziphus, 13
Calendula, 1 Vindula erota Ixias pyrene Heliophorus epicles Cepora nerissa
Danaus chrysippus Fabaceae, 7 Junonia almana Petunia atkinsiana, 1 Delias eucharis
Calenduleae, 1 Borbo cinnara Junonia atlites Pseudozizeeria maha Deudorix epijarbas
Luthrodes pandava Castalius rosimon Junonia hierta Phyla, 1 Graphium doson
Calotropis Euchrysops cnejus Junonia iphita Ampittia dioscorides Hypolimnas bolina
Hasora badra Jamides celeno Junonia lemonias Plumbago, 2 Hypolimnas misippus
Canavalia, 1 Pelopidas mathias Junonia orithya Pareronia hippia Junonia almana
Hesperiinae  Sarangesa dasahara Luthrodes pandava Udaspes folus Junonia lemonias
Carduoideae, 19 Tirumala septentrionis Matapa aria Plumbago auriculata, 1 Rapala iarbus
Argynnis childreni Galphimia, 1 Nyctemera coleta Leptotes plinius Rapala varuna
Argynnis kamala Phalanta phalantha Oriens goloides Pogostemon, 1 Tirumala septentrionis
Aulocera saraswati Glebionis, 2 Pachliopta aristolochiae Tirumala septentrionis
Aulocera swaha Euploea core Pachliopta hector Portulaca, 1
Byasa polyeuctes Tirumala limniace Pachliopta pandiyana Eurema blanda
Callerebia scanda Gomphrena, 2 Papilio buddha Prosopis, 1
Celaenorrhinus  Chilades lajus Papilio daksha Hypolimnas misippus
Celaenorrhinus leucocera Freyeria putli Papilio demoleus Prunus, 1
Colias fieldii Heliotropium, 5 Papilio memnon Pieris canidia
Euploea mulciber Danaus chrysippus Papilio nephelus Prunus cerasifera, 1
Gonepteryx amintha Euploea andamanensis Papilio polytes Aglais caschmirensis
Gonepteryx nepalensis Eurema blanda Parantica aglea Pseuderanthemum, 4
Junonia iphita Tirumala limniace Parantica melaneus Graphium agamemnon
Parantica sita Tirumala septentrionis Pareronia hippia Hypolimnas bolina
Pieris brassicae Hibiscus, 9 Parthenos sylvia Junonia iphita
Pieris canidia Gangara thyrsis Phalanta phalantha Pachliopta hector
Tirumala septentrionis Hebomoia glaucippe Pieris canidia Raphanus, 1
Vagrans egista Losaria rhodifer Suastus gremius Tirumala limniace
Ypthima  Notocrypta curvifascia Telicota bambusae


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Posted on December 6, 2023 08:19 AM by karthik_83 karthik_83 | 23 comments | Leave a comment

October 16, 2023

First Project Update, 16 Oct 2023

Hello,

Firstly, thanks to everyone for being keenly interested in this project and for uploading your observations to it despite the potential duplicate observation fields, and other hassles. We hope you continue to. When we look at the map below of observations added to the project thus far, we can clearly see that we have only just begun. Also clear is the fact that we need to still add observations from many parts of the country, and observations over different seasons, etc.


Nectar Plants for Lepidoptera Observations


However, we’ve been wanting to follow-up with some initial updates, and to let you know what sort of data we obtain from the project, and to collectively think of how we want to “see” the data. We’re now at a point with more than 1700 observations covering more than 191 species of Lepidoptera, and more than 150 unique genera of plants that they nectar from. Of course, there are some butterflies and moths that are not yet identified down to a species level, likewise for many plants that they visit for nectar. This is still very early in the project, and we have thousands of observations yet to be added to it (as a reference, there are over 550,000 Lepidoptera observations on iNat from the region, and a good percentage of those would have some nectaring behaviour).


Having said that, the data is still complex as it involves several species of butterflies, moths and plants, and it is a challenge to present that data in a simplistic way. Visually pleasing data charts and maps quickly run out of scope when we look at overall data, and only make sense if we consider species level interactions. That may be interesting to see too, and we’ll follow-up with those soon. Here below is a quick look at the top few plant species that are most frequently visited by Lepidoptera species. On the vertical axis is the total number of species of Lepidoptera that have nectared on each genus of plant. Perhaps not surprisingly enough, we have Lantana at the top, and it would be interesting to see if this change as we add more observations from more forested parts of the country.


Nectar Plants for Lepidoptera Observations


Further below is a detailed table containing all of the data, with total number of Lepidopteran species per genus or group of plants. There will be some overlaps as some plants are identified further down than others. There are many observations that could use some refined plant identifications, and any help towards that is welcome. This table still gives us a good initial sense of the data output from the project, even if it makes for very painful reading! Please have a look, and add your thoughts and feedback with comments below. Please also let me know (via a personal message) who you think would be interested in the project, and I’ll send them a detailed invite with instructions on how to add observations. Please note that we now have a version of the instructions or key points in Hindi too, if that works better for some of us, thanks to Ram who suggested that we have that. @ram_k :) Thanks also to Gaurav for all his efforts in figuring out the project and working together on this. @gs5

 

Acmella (1) Cirsium (3) Ipomoeeae (1) Mikania (3) Solidago (4)
Caleta decidia Borbo cinnara Chilades lajus Acraea terpsicore Catopsilia pomona
Aeschynomene (1) Delias eucharis Ixora (17) Junonia almana Junonia iphita
Eurema hecabe Euploea core Caltoris Junonia atlites Symbrenthia
Allium (1) Clausena (1) Catopsilia pomona Millettia (17) Vanessa indica
Talicada nyseus  Eretmocera Euploea core Borbo cinnara Spermacoce (4)
Alstonia (1) Cleome (6) Gangara thyrsis Catochrysops strabo Aeromachus pygmaeus
Hypolimnas bolina Ampittia dioscorides Graphium agamemnon Catopsilia pomona Oriens goloides
Alternanthera (31) Appias libythea Hebomoia glaucippe Euploea core core Polyommatina
Aeromachus pygmaeus Eurema hecabe Hesperiinae Hasora chromus  Taractrocera ceramas
Ampittia dioscorides Gomalia elma Junonia almana Hesperiidae Spermacoceae (3)
Azanus jesous Luthrodes pandava Luthrodes pandava Hydrillodes Junonia lemonias
Azanus ubaldus Pareronia hippia Pachliopta hector Jamides bochus  Neopithecops zalmora
Castalius rosimon Clerodendrum (15) Papilio clytia Lampides boeticus Ypthima asterope
Cepora nerissa Catopsilia pomona Papilio demoleus Leptotes plinius Sphagneticola (34)
Chilades lajus Danaus genutia Papilio polymnestor Pelopidas Acytolepis puspa
Eretmocera impactella Eurema hecabe Papilio polytes Prosotas dubiosa Appias albina
Eurema hecabe Graphium agamemnon Tagiades litigiosa Prosotas nora Baorini
Gomalia elma Junonia lemonias Troides minos Tajuria cippus  Caleta decidia
Graphium doson Leptosia nina Vanessa cardui Talicada nyseus  Castalius rosimon
Junonia almana Pachliopta aristolochiae Jacquemontia (1) Telicota bambusae Catopsilia pomona
Junonia lemonias Pachliopta pandiyana Eurema blanda Zesius chrysomallus Chilades lajus
Junonia orithya Papilio buddha Jasminum (5) Mimosa (2) Colotis amata
Leptosia nina Papilio clytia Euploea klugii Junonia almana Danaus chrysippus
Luthrodes pandava Papilio paris Eurema blanda Neptis hylas Danaus genutia
Neptis hylas Papilio polytes Junonia iphita Mimosoideae (1) Euploea core
Papilio demoleus Pareronia hippia Papilio polytes Azanus ubaldus Eurema hecabe
Papilio polytes Tagiades litigiosa Udaspes folus Mitracarpus (3) Hypolimnas bolina
Parnara bada Troides minos Jatropha (4) Catopsilia pyranthe Hypolimnas misippus
Pseudozizeeria maha Clitoria (2) Catopsilia pomona Spialia galba Jamides bochus
Spialia galba Celaenorrhinus ambareesa Graphium agamemnon Taractrocera maevius Jamides celeno
Spoladea recurvalis Papilio demoleus Luthrodes pandava Mitragyna (1) Junonia almana
Talicada nyseus  Coccinia (2) Tirumala limniace Euploea core Junonia atlites
Taractrocera maevius Hebomoia glaucippe Justicia (8) Momordica (1) Junonia iphita
Tarucus balkanica Ixias pyrene Castalius rosimon Tirumala limniace Junonia lemonias
Ypthima huebneri Combretum (1) Catopsilia pomona Moringa (1) Luthrodes pandava
Zizeeria karsandra Macroglossum Eurema brigitta Chilades lajus Parantica aglea
Zizina otis Cosmos (12) Megisba malaya  Muntingia (4) Parnara bada
Zizina otis indica Aethaloessa calidalis Neopithecops zalmora Cepora nerissa Pelopidas
Zizula hylax Danaus chrysippus Parantica aglea Graphium doson Pelopidas mathias
Alysicarpus (1) Euploea core Talicada nyseus Hasora chromus Phalanta phalantha
Zizina otis Graphium agamemnon Ypthima asterope Jamides celeno Sarangesa purendra
Amaranthaceae (1) Hesperiinae Kalanchoe (1) Murdannia (1) Suastus gremius
Danaus chrysippus Jamides bochus Graphium agamemnon Zizula hylax Talicada nyseus
Anacardium (1) Junonia atlites Kleinia (4) Murraya (2) Tarucus
Tajuria cippus Junonia lemonias Danaus chrysippus Cephrenes acalle Tirumala limniace
Angiospermae (19) Luthrodes pandava Euploea core  Graphium doson  Vanessa cardui
Aporia agathon Phalanta phalantha Nyctemera coleta Musaceae (1) Ypthima huebneri
Cepora nerissa Pontia edusa Tirumala limniace Erionota thrax Zizula hylax
Danaus chrysippus Talicada nyseus Lamiaceae (2) Mussaenda (2) Stachytarpheta (35)
Danaus genutia Crotalaria (4) Aporia nabellica Hebomoia glaucippe Baorini
Delias eucharis Euchrysops cnejus Talicada nyseus Pareronia ceylanica Baoris farri
Euploea core Lampides boeticus Lantana (81) Neolamarckia (1) Borbo
Eurema hecabe Tirumala limniace Acraea terpsicore Pelopidas Catopsilia pomona
Freyeria putli Tirumala septentrionis Acytolepis puspa Nerium (2) Catopsilia pyranthe
Graphium agamemnon Croton (1) Anthene lycaenina Daphnis nerii Celaenorrhinus ambareesa
Heliophorus epicles Spoladea recurvalis Appias libythea Eretmocera Danaus genutia
Iambrix salsala Cucurbitaceae (4) Ariadne ariadne Nyctanthes (1) Delias eucharis
Lampides boeticus Baorini Ariadne merione Dysphania percota Euploea core
Papilio clytia Borbo cinnara Badamia exclamationis Ocimum (19) Euploea klugii
Parantica melaneus Graphium doson Baorini Appias albina Eurema hecabe
Pieris canidia Leptotes plinius Caltoris Castalius rosimon Hasora badra
Polyommatini Cuphea (7) Caltoris kumara  Catochrysops strabo Hebomoia glaucippe
Rapala manea Aeromachus pygmaeus Catochrysops strabo Chilades lajus Hypolimnas bolina
Tirumala limniace Heliophorus sena Catopsilia pomona Chilades parrhasius Ixias pyrene
Zizina otis Hymenia perspectalis Catopsilia pyranthe Danaus chrysippus Junonia atlites
Antigonon (2) Leptosia nina Cepora nerissa Danaus genutia Junonia hierta
Euploea core Luthrodes pandava Charaxes solon Eretmocera Leptosia nina
Jamides celeno Talicada nyseus Chilades parrhasius Eretmocera impactella Macroglossum
Arachnothryx (1) Zizula hylax Cirrochroa thais Eurema hecabe Pachliopta aristolochiae
Pelopidas conjuncta Cyanthillium (7) Colotis amata Graphium agamemnon Pachliopta hector
Asclepias (2) Colotis amata Cupha erymanthis Jamides bochus Papilio clytia
Danaus chrysippus Eurema brigitta Danaus chrysippus Junonia atlites Papilio crino
Danaus genutia Hesperiinae Danaus genutia Leptotes plinius Papilio demoleus
Aster (1) Jamides bochus Delias eucharis Luthrodes pandava Papilio polymnestor
Delias eucharis Luthrodes pandava Deudorix epijarbas Pelopidas Papilio polytes
Asteraceae (24) Neopithecops zalmora Euchrysops cnejus Spoladea recurvalis Pareronia hippia
Aeromachus pygmaeus Talicada nyseus Euploea Tajuria cippus Pelopidas
Belenois aurota Dahlia (4) Euploea core Talicada nyseus Pelopidas agna
Borbo cinnara Cirrochroa thais Euploea klugii  Oldenlandia (1) Tagiades japetus
Caltoris philippina Danaus chrysippus Eurema Zizeeria karsandra Talicada nyseus
Catopsilia pomona Pachliopta aristolochiae Eurema hecabe Ophiorrhiza (2) Telicota colon
Cigaritis vulcanus Papilio clytia Eurema laeta Jamides alecto Tirumala limniace
Colias fieldii Desmodium (1) Euthalia aconthea Oriens goloides Tirumala septentrionis
Colotis danae Luthrodes pandava Gangara thyrsis Orthosiphon (1) Udaspes folus
Danaus chrysippus Dianthus (1) Graphium agamemnon Papilio clytia Strobilanthes (3)
Danaus genutia Luthrodes pandava Graphium doson Parthenium (7) Chrysodeixis eriosoma
Euploea mulciber Dicliptera (1) Graphium teredon Acraea terpsicore Macroglossum
Eurema hecabe Eurema hecabe Hasora badra Amata cyssea Sarangesa purendra
Graphium agamemnon Duranta (11) Hasora chromus Belenois aurota Synedrella (2)
Hypolimnas misippus Appias albina Hypolimnas Colotis amata Leptosia nina
Issoria issaea Appias libythea Hypolimnas bolina Lampides boeticus Luthrodes pandava
Junonia almana Catochrysops strabo Hypolimnas misippus Spialia galba Tabernaemontana (10)
Junonia atlites Colotis amata Ixias marianne Zizeeria karsandra Baorini
Junonia hierta Eurema Jamides bochus Passiflora (1) Gangara thyrsis
Junonia iphita Eurema hecabe Junonia almana Castalius rosimon Graphium agamemnon
Junonia orithya Graphium agamemnon Junonia atlites Pentas (4) Junonia atlites
Leptotes plinius Junonia iphita Junonia hierta Catopsilia pomona Lampides boeticus
Oriens goloides Leptosia nina Junonia iphita Hypolimnas bolina Luthrodes pandava 
Parantica aglea Leptotes plinius Junonia lemonias Ixias pyrene Papilio demoleus
Taractrocera maevius Pelopidas Junonia orithya Papilio polytes Parnara bada
Asterales (2) Eclipta (3) Lampides boeticus Persicaria (1) Rapala manea
Hypolimnas misippus Luthrodes pandava  Leptosia nina Parantica sita Udaspes folus
Junonia iphita Zizeeria karsandra Leptotes plinius Petrea (1) Tageteae (1)
Asystasia (3) Zizina otis Luthrodes pandava Pareronia hippia Catopsilia pomona
Celaenorrhinus leucocera Ecliptinae (4) Moduza procris Petunia 1) Tagetes (12)
Junonia lemonias Junonia atlites Nyctemera coleta Pseudozizeeria maha Catopsilia pomona
Papilio crino Luthrodes pandava Oriens goloides Phyla (3) Hypolimnas bolina
Barleria (2) Pseudozizeeria maha Pachliopta aristolochiae Ampittia dioscorides Junonia atlites
Eurema hecabe Talicada nyseus Pachliopta hector Ampittia dioscorides  Junonia iphita
Pareronia hippia Ehretia (5) Pachliopta pandiyana Chilades lajus Junonia lemonias
Bidens (7) Baorini Papilio clytia Pithecellobium (1) Neptis jumbah
Eurema blanda Eurema hecabe Papilio demoleus Prosotas nora Nyctemera lacticinia
Iambrix salsala Hasora badra Papilio polymnestor Plantae Papilio buddha
Junonia iphita Junonia atlites Papilio polytes Acraea terpsicore Parnara
Parantica aglea Lampides boeticus Papilionoidea Appias libythea Potanthus
Pseudocoladenia dan Eranthemum (1) Parantica aglea Azanus uranus Tirumala limniace
Taractrocerini Hebomoia glaucippe Pareronia hippia Catopsilia pomona Tirumala septentrionis
Ypthima baldus Erigeron (1) Pelopidas Cigaritis vulcanus Tecoma (3)
Boerhavia (1) Spialia galba  Pelopidas mathias Coladenia indrani Gangara thyrsis
Azanus ubaldus Eupatorieae (7) Phalanta phalantha Danaus chrysippus Rapala manea
Boraginaceae (1) Baorini Prosotas dubiosa Danaus genutia Troides minos
Junonia almana Catochrysops strabo Rapala manea Delias eucharis Tephrosia (1)
Bougainvillea (4) Cyrestis thyodamas Spilomelinae Eurema hecabe Catochrysops strabo
Papilio demoleus Euploea core Suastus gremius Everes lacturnus  Terminalia (1)
Papilio polymnestor Graphium doson Telicota Graphium nomius Sarbena
Papilio polytes Leptosia nina Telicota bambusae Hasora badra Tithonia (3)
Pareronia hippia Rapala manea Tirumala limniace Ixias pyrene Pachliopta aristolochiae
Brassicaceae (1) Euphorbia (1) Tirumala septentrionis Leptosia nina Papilio polytes
Jamides celeno Luthrodes pandava Troides minos Leptotes plinius Tirumala limniace
Brunfelsia (1) Fabaceae (6) Vagrans Megisba malaya  Trichodesma (1)
Caprona ransonnettii Borbo cinnara Vagrans egista Pachliopta aristolochiae Pelopidas
Caesalpinia (15) Castalius rosimon Vanessa cardui Papilio demoleus Trichosanthes (1)
Castalius rosimon Euchrysops cnejus Zizeeria karsandra Papilio polymnestor Pareronia hippia
Catopsilia pomona Jamides celeno Leea (39) Parantica aglea Tridax (28)
Danaus chrysippus Pelopidas mathias  Acytolepis puspa Pareronia hippia Acraea terpsicore
Delias eucharis Sarangesa dasahara Appias albina Prosotas nora Ampittia dioscorides 
Euploea core Fabales (1) Arnetta vindhiana Tajuria cippus Belenois aurota
Graphium agamemnon Tirumala septentrionis Caleta decidia Tarucus hazara Castalius rosimon
Junonia almana Galinsoga (1) Caprona ransonnettii Tirumala limniace Catopsilia pyranthe
Junonia atlites Pseudozizeeria maha Castalius rosimon Tirumala septentrionis  Cepora nerissa
Pachliopta aristolochiae Gloriosa (2) Catopsilia pomona Udaspes folus Chilades lajus
Pachliopta hector Catopsilia pyranthe Catopsilia pyranthe Zizula hylax Colotis amata
Papilio demoleus Pachliopta aristolochiae Celaenorrhinus leucocera Pluchea (2) Danaus chrysippus
Papilio polymnestor Gomphrena (20) Cephrenes acalle Colotis amata Eretmocera impactella
Papilio polytes Acraea terpsicore Cepora nerissa Tarucus Euchrysops cnejus
Pareronia hippia Appias libythea Cigaritis lohita Plumbago (1) Euploea core
Tirumala limniace Catochrysops strabo Cigaritis vulcanus Udaspes folus Eurema hecabe
Calendula (1) Catopsilia pomona Danaus genutia Poaceae (2) Eurema laeta
Danaus chrysippus Chilades lajus Deudorix epijarbas Junonia almana Jamides celeno
Calenduleae (1) Danaus chrysippus Eurema hecabe Tirumala limniace Junonia almana
Luthrodes pandava  Euchrysops cnejus Graphium agamemnon Podranea (1) Junonia atlites
Calliandra (1) Eurema blanda Graphium doson Gangara thyrsis Junonia lemonias
Gangara thyrsis Eurema hecabe Halpe porus Premna (1) Luthrodes pandava
Calotropis (1) Everes lacturnus Hasora badra Graphium agamemnon Parnara bada
Hasora badra Jamides celeno Hypolimnas bolina Prunus (2) Talicada nyseus
Calyptocarpus (1) Junonia atlites Iambrix salsala Aglais caschmirensis Tarucus
Talicada nyseus Junonia hierta Ixias pyrene Pieris canidia Tarucus nara
Canavalia (1) Junonia lemonias Jamides celeno Pseuderanthemum (8) Tirumala limniace
Hesperiinae Leptosia nina Junonia atlites Catopsilia pomona Ypthima huebneri
Carduoideae (18) Leptotes plinius Junonia iphita Catopsilia pyranthe Zizeeria karsandra
Argynnis childreni Luthrodes pandava Junonia lemonias Eurema hecabe Zizina otis
Argynnis kamala Neptis hylas Leptosia nina Hasora chromus Zizula hylax
Aulocera saraswati Phalanta phalantha Megisba malaya  Hypolimnas bolina Trifolium (2)
Aulocera swaha Tirumala limniace Nacaduba berenice Junonia iphita Aglais caschmirensis
Aulocera swaha garuna Grona (1) Neptis hylas Junonia lemonias Pieris brassicae
Byasa polyeuctes Zizina otis Parnara bada Parthenos sylvia Turnera (3)
Callerebia scanda Hamelia (12) Pelopidas mathias Pseudomussaenda (8) Acraea terpsicore
Celaenorrhinus Catopsilia pomona Phalanta phalantha Catopsilia pomona Eurema hecabe
Celaenorrhinus leucocera Danaus chrysippus Suastus gremius Colotis amata Suastus gremius
Colias fieldii Graphium agamemnon Talicada nyseus Euchrysops cnejus Urena (11)
Euploea mulciber Graphium doson Telicota bambusae Graphium doson Acraea terpsicore
Gonepteryx nepalensis Hebomoia glaucippe Tirumala limniace Ixias pyrene Borbo cinnara
Junonia iphita Ixias pyrene Udaspes folus Macroglossum Catopsilia pyranthe
Parantica sita Junonia lemonias Leucas (8) Papilio polytes Danaus chrysippus
Pieris brassicae Miltochrista Acraea terpsicore Pelopidas mathias Euchrysops cnejus
Tirumala septentrionis Neptis hylas Catopsilia pyranthe Raphanus (1) Pachliopta aristolochiae
Vagrans Papilio polytes Cigaritis vulcanus Tirumala limniace Parantica aglea
Ypthima Prosotas nora Jamides celeno Ruellia (2) Pareronia hippia
Cassia (1) Tirumala septentrionis Pachliopta hector Hebomoia glaucippe Pieris canidia
Catopsilia pomona Heliotropium (7) Sarangesa purendra Zizula hylax Sarangesa dasahara
Catharanthus (9) Celaenorrhinus ambareesa Suastus gremius Samanea (15) Tirumala limniace
Baorini Danaus genutia Taractrocera ceramas Appias albina  Vigna (2)
Borbo cinnara Danaus melanippus Libidibia (2) Belenois aurota Euchrysops cnejus
Catopsilia pomona Euploea core Hypolimnas bolina Catopsilia pomona Jamides celeno
Delias eucharis Euploea sylvester Tirumala limniace Catopsilia pyranthe  Vinca (2)
Hyarotis adrastus Tirumala limniace Ligustrum (1) Delias eucharis Papilio demoleus
Papilio clytia Tirumala septentrionis Jamides alecto Graphium agamemnon  Polytremis lubricans
Papilio demoleus Hellenia (3) Lippia (1) Graphium doson Vitex (4)
Papilio polytes Euploea core Danaus chrysippus Hebomoia glaucippe  Badamia exclamationis
Pareronia hippia Rathinda amor Luffa (5) Hypolimnas bolina  Delias eucharis
Catunaregam (1) Udaspes folus Hasora badra Hypolimnas misippus Graphium doson
Phalanta phalantha Hibiscus (10) Hypolimnas bolina Junonia iphita  Tirumala limniace
Causonis (1) Gangara thyrsis Parnara Junonia lemonias  Waltheria (1)
Junonia atlites Hebomoia glaucippe Parnara bada Neptis jumbah  Junonia hierta
Celosia (14) Notocrypta curvifascia Pelopidas mathias Papilio demoleus  Zinnia (9)
Danaus chrysippus Papilio buddha Malachra (3) Papilio polytes Acraea terpsicore
Danaus genutia Papilio clytia Acraea terpsicore Scoparia (1) Appias albina
Delias eucharis Papilio demoleus Junonia atlites Chilades lajus Catopsilia pomona
Euploea core Papilio paris Spoladea recurvalis Senegalia (2) Catopsilia pyranthe
Euploea klugii Papilio polymnestor Malvaceae (6) Azanus ubaldus Delias eucharis
Eurema brigitta  Papilio polytes Catopsilia pomona Colotis phisadia Eurema blanda
Eurema hecabe Pareronia hippia Danaus chrysippus Senna (1) Hypolimnas bolina
Junonia almana Hyptis (1) Hypolimnas bolina Azanus ubaldus Junonia iphita
Junonia iphita Euchrysops cnejus Pareronia hippia Sesamum (2) Pachliopta aristolochiae
Junonia lemonias Impatiens (7) Suastus gremius Pareronia hippia Ziziphus (4)
Phalanta phalantha Eurema hecabe Tirumala limniace Vanessa cardui Delias eucharis
Sarangesa purendra Hebomoia glaucippe Mecardonia (1) Sesbania (1) Hypolimnas misippus
Tarucus Jamides alecto Euchrysops cnejus Eurema hecabe Junonia almana
Tirumala limniace Papilio polymnestor Melochia (1) Sida (7) Junonia lemonias
Chassalia (1) Papilio polytes Parnara Arnetta vindhiana
Graphium agamemnon Parantica aglea Merremia (4) Danaus genutia
Chromolaena (5) Potanthus Delias eucharis Eurema hecabe
Asota sericea Indigofera (2) Eurema hecabe Jamides celeno
Cigaritis vulcanus Freyeria putli Junonia atlites Junonia atlites
Danaus genutia Leptotes plinius Tirumala limniace Spoladea recurvalis
Euchromia polymena Ipomoea (2) Mesosphaerum (3) Zizula hylax
Euploea core Luthrodes pandava Belenois aurota Smithia (1)
Chrozophora (1) Udaspes folus Danaus genutia Zizeeria karsandra
Appias libythea
Eurema brigitta




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Posted on October 16, 2023 08:58 AM by karthik_83 karthik_83 | 19 comments | Leave a comment

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